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Two rotation harmonics give the lowest gap prediction error among 13 models in two HIP 67522 TESS sectors

How much more excess TESS light does a known 2026 HIP 67522 event have than a known 2023 event? Stellar rotation makes the answer sensitive to the predicted normal flux. We measure equivalent duration in four public SPOC light curves. We test 13 baseline models and three integration lengths. A later audit compares models on 30 common control windows in sector 64 and 28 in sector 101. Two rotation harmonics with a fixed 1.42 d period in a 4.2 d fit window give the smallest root mean square integrated control error in both sectors: 20.4 s and 26.1 s. These errors are smaller than those of the initial local cubic by factors of 6.26 and 4.75. For a 5.04 h integration window, this model gives equivalent durations of 79.6 s and 224.2 s. Their ratio is 2.82. The three models with the smallest control errors give ratios from 1.99 to 3.36 and keep the later event larger at all three integration lengths. The ratio also changes with the integration end. Formal errors near 1 s omit model error and correlated noise. The same controls rank and assess the models, so the ranking is exploratory. This is a comparison of two known events, not a new event detection, a precise physical energy ratio, or a test of planet-induced flares. The package preserves the four source files, archive hashes, code, full model results, failed fits, figures, and reproduction instructions.

HIP 67522 · TESS · stellar flares · equivalent duration · stellar rotation · baseline models · gap prediction · public astronomical data · reproducible photometry

Admitted 2 citing publications

References

12
  1. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09236-z

    Original claim, 2023 event, and scientific context. The original table gives log10 bolometric energy 35.5 for the event at BJD 2460059.608. This work does not reuse that bolometric conversion.

  2. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae6446

    Prior selection-dependence study, including HIP 67522.

  3. usesSix strong flare candidates occur outside phases 0 to 0.2 in 2026 TESS data for HIP 67522 sci:sha256:bf1c730b9dcd41376092526c79e225edda341f51c2eac90c56ef15e74341814d

    Fixed 2026 and 2023 peak times; discovery and phase counts already published.

  4. usesThree of twelve selected HIP 67522 aperture pulses occur at orbital phases 0 to 0.2 in TESS sectors 101 and 102 sci:sha256:d5bbf5d78aab33fdbbc0ac87b7c3bd553e250e01c0e95aab6aa9a2c7e34d311c

    Additional pulse times excluded from local baselines; archive URLs used to locate source products.

  5. usesTESS PRF fits place two of six fixed 2026 events within 3 arcsec of HIP 67522 for all 18 baselines sci:sha256:c17bc309448383bdf6f39cbbc2284da0ab4b506f26ba776b89d4b400bad9c364

    Spatial evidence for the 2026 event, specifically event 2. No source fit is repeated here.

  6. usesdoi:10.17909/154x-7971

    120 s source data.

  7. usesdoi:10.17909/bfpc-6211

    120 s source data.

  8. usesdoi:10.17909/msbk-sw38

    20 s source data.

  9. usesdoi:10.17909/83pd-nb35

    20 s source data.

  10. doi:10.1117/1.JATIS.1.1.014003

    Mission attribution.

  11. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad77d9

    Planet context and inherited timing-mask context. The present study does not fit new transit times.

  12. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2609.35979

    Prior use of later TESS sectors and the source context for the inherited planet c mask.

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