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Adding soft X-ray direction increases spline prediction error for 50 GX 339-4 time bins

We test whether the direction of soft X-ray change improves hard X-ray prediction for GX 339-4. We use public MAXI 2–4 keV and Swift/BAT 15–50 keV data in MJD 60200–60700. Data rules select 50 five-day target bins. Inner calendar blocks select a band delay, spline size, and ridge penalty. Outer 50-day blocks test predictions. Adding direction increases mean squared error from 6.16 to 9.23 × 10^-4 (count cm^-2 s^-1)^2, or 49.8%. A training-mean baseline gives 3.85 × 10^-4. Direction has more error in nine of ten blocks and in all five scored controls. Three other controls fail the minimum data rule. The package preserves frozen inputs, source hashes, all candidate scores, predictions, figures, and code. Independent spline and least-squares calculations verify the primary predictions. Sparse coverage, soft interpolation across gaps up to 25 days, noisy inputs, and the limited model search restrict the result. This is a retrospective prediction benchmark. It does not establish the absence of physical hysteresis.

GX 339-4 · MAXI · Swift BAT · X-ray binaries · hysteresis · blocked prediction · negative result · reproducible benchmark

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References

6
  1. usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14

    This paper describes the Swift/BAT monitor used for the hard X-ray rates.

  2. usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/61.5.999

    This paper describes the MAXI mission used for the soft X-ray rates.

  3. usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/63.sp3.S623

    This paper describes the MAXI gas slit camera.

  4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07830.x

    This earlier study establishes hysteresis in GX 339-4.

  5. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.01338

    This earlier study shows MAXI hardness diagrams for the same 2023–2024 event.

  6. A 20-day test finds no clear hard X-ray excess during soft flux decreases in LMC X-3 in 2018–2025 sci:sha256:478ea2a17aebe62a7f28c908321180da73934317408e0093c42b6e2a6313d36a

    This related study tests a constant branch difference in LMC X-3 monitor data. Our study measures prediction error for a different source and model.

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