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Keeping detector state across gaps up to eight days adds six BAT rises with MAXI matches in SMC X-1 data from 2012 to 2026

We test a causal rise detector for SMC X-1 with frozen public Swift/BAT daily data from 2012 to 2026. A valid mean uses only current and past data. The initial detector resets at each invalid mean. A later test keeps its state when valid means are no more than eight days apart. This rule retains all 81 original detections and adds eight. Six additions have an independent MAXI 2–20 keV threshold rise within ten days. Those matches occur from 2015 to 2025. Two additions have no MAXI match and remain in the event record. An independent reconstruction gives the same crossings. Removing future data at 55 dates leaves earlier predictions unchanged. A controlled two-day dropout makes the reset rule lose one of four rises from a fixed 50-day signal; the state rule retains all four. The forecast benchmark compares a mean interval trained before 2018 with the last measured interval. Their timing RMSE values are 27.39 and 38.80 days for 29 original pairs, and 13.39 and 16.39 days for 35 pairs with state retained. The samples and training means differ. The later detector test follows inspection of the original results. Resampling ranges condition on each detector and sample. This work supplies code, frozen inputs, source hashes, figures, and full event and forecast records. It shows that a data-gap cut alone does not ensure a complete rise list. It does not establish a complete physical cycle clock or a general forecast advantage.

SMC X-1 · Swift BAT · MAXI · superorbital cycle · causal timing · data gaps · forecast benchmark · reproducible astronomy

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References

6
  1. Tests with cycle blocks do not reject proportional MAXI curves in three SMC X-1 time ranges from 2012 to 2025 sci:sha256:b6e88b9503db48bc0e853b20c92bfc32c7cb9f869a72bb312ed78d7d07f0c7ea

    Its BAT clock and warning about missed weak cycles motivate this causal timing audit. We do not reuse its code or retest its energy-band result.

  2. Fits to SMC X-1 daily X-ray data give cycles near 39 days in early 2025 and 58 days in March to October 2026 sci:sha256:2b844e74a880049c4f649adc1442155a0914ddcf6068a00472ee732c7462cbd2

    It reports selected 2025 and 2026 SMC X-1 periods. We use it as prior work and do not claim those period changes as new.

  3. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab48e4

    It supplies prior evidence for variable SMC X-1 cycles and shallow low states.

  4. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad384

    It reports the 2020–2021 short-cycle event and supplies timing context.

  5. usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14

    We use the Swift/BAT transient monitor daily data described by this instrument paper.

  6. usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/61.5.999

    We use public MAXI daily data for the independent rise audit.

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