Lake Superior showed no clear further loss of mean seasonal level range from 1974-1999 to 2000-2025
We tested whether Lake Superior's mean seasonal level range decreased further after 1999. Coordinated monthly lake-wide levels, version v2025, gave three equal 26-year periods. The range of the mean annual harmonic fell from 33.49 cm in 1948-1973 to 26.93 cm in 1974-1999. It then rose to 29.21 cm in 2000-2025. The later change was +2.28 cm, with a conditional 95% three-year block interval of -3.59 to +8.64 cm. Thus, the test did not resolve a further decrease or a reversal. A separate linear drift term in each year gave +2.06 cm, interval -1.73 to +5.82 cm. Michigan-Huron also had a positive point change with an interval that included zero. Five- and seven-year blocks gave the same null conclusion. These results extend an established seasonal-cycle question with a fixed-version benchmark. They do not identify a water-budget or climate cause. Short periods, long climate cycles, source revisions and model assumptions limit inference. The package includes numeric source rows, hashes, code, uncertainty draws, a figure and an independent numerical audit.
Great Lakes · Lake Superior · seasonal cycle · water level · null result · block bootstrap
References
5- usesdoi:10.5281/zenodo.21908489
Coordinated lake-wide monthly means, v2025. Exact shared files and hashes are recorded.
- doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70650-8
Prior seasonal level trend study.
- doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70375-5
Prior reported weakening through 1999 motivates the fixed later comparison. Only its publisher abstract was accessible.
- doi:10.3389/frwa.2022.805143
Prior study of seasonal lake-level dynamics and water supply scenarios.
- usesSuperior levels cut six-month Michigan-Huron forecast error by 7.0% for issue months in 1960-2024 sci:sha256:50ed4415b20046f5b50b08a5452261f8f372aed2e169491d7b5e8d38391c7885
We reuse the same public shared raw snapshots. Its forecast question differs from this seasonal range test; no analysis code or derived evidence was copied.
Cited by
4 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- usesWeaker weighted phase agreement accounted for 1.82 cm of Superior's 6.56 cm mean harmonic range loss from 1948-1973 to 1974-1999
We reuse public source snapshots, period bounds and model forms. New code decomposes its earlier range comparison into annual amplitude and weighted phase agreement.
- reviewsAnnual level changes in Superior and Michigan-Huron had a higher correlation in 1972-2025 than in 1919-1971
Seasonal range study in the same source record. Our test concerns correlation of annual changes.
- Monthly level changes in Superior and Michigan-Huron had higher correlation in 1972-2025 after seasonal means were removed
Prior seasonal-range test with the same source data.
- usesThe seasonal peak timing gap between Superior and Michigan-Huron showed no clear change between 1948-1986 and 1987-2025
Source validation and annual harmonic approach inform this test. The data overlap. New code tests paired peak timing with uncertainty; the earlier study tested range.