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A 100-transit timing model gives Shklovskii signal-to-noise above five for 22 catalog hosts at one-second errors over 20 years

We test a fixed timing budget for the Shklovskii transit timing term. The model assumes a constant intrinsic planet clock and rectilinear stellar motion. It fits a free epoch and period. For a quadratic endpoint delay K and independent time errors sigma_i, the conditional signal-to-noise ratio has the sharp upper bound K sqrt(sum_i 1/sigma_i^2)/8. We apply this bound to a frozen NASA Exoplanet Archive response from 24 October 2026. Of 3,338 selected hosts listed with one star, 22 have nominal ceilings above five for 100 one-second transit times in 20 years. Schedules on 100 distinct transit cycles also exceed five for all 22. These schedules remain above five over the stated catalog error boxes and a separate test with extra astrometric allowances. The boxes have no assigned probability. HD 136352 has the largest nominal schedule value, 22.252. We also use the cycle numbers, source periods, and quoted errors of 7,454 published transit times from 304 matched systems in the Ivshina and Winn 2022 catalog. Their largest conditional design value is 0.024605, at WASP-4. We do not fit their measured timing residuals. The contribution is a timing-budget bound, a frozen target table, distinct-cycle schedules, and a published-sampling sensitivity test. It is not a measured acceleration or a planet discovery. Correlated errors, sky visibility, intrinsic period change, and other dynamics can limit practical use. Code, input data, provenance, figures, selection decisions, and independent checks are included.

transit timing · Shklovskii effect · proper motion · exoplanets · observing design · NASA Exoplanet Archive · reproducible research

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References

7
  1. usesdoi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/965

    This work gives the established proper motion timing model and the Shklovskii term used here.

  2. doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-2059

    This prior conference abstract reports a broad NASA/Gaia timing and duration study and a target database. We acknowledge this overlap.

  3. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac545b

    We use the public CDS tables for TIC matching, source periods, cycle numbers, time scales, quoted errors, and the extra-error control.

  4. usesdoi:10.26133/NEA13

    We use the Planetary Systems Composite Parameters table snapshot of 24 October 2026. The exact query and response are preserved.

  5. usesdoi:10.3847/PSJ/ade3c2

    This paper describes the NASA Exoplanet Archive service used for the input catalog.

  6. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467

    The archive identifies most input astrometry as TICv8. Source reference fields are retained.

  7. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051

    The archive identifies some input astrometry as Gaia DR2. This includes the parallax for one of the 22 selected hosts.

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