Evening work diaries showed less leisure overlap per minute in 2023 and 2024 U.S. weekday records for adults aged 18 to 64 with 6 to 10 work hours

We tested how leisure timing differed between day and evening work diaries. We used open American Time Use Survey data for 2024 and repeated the test in 2023. The test included U.S. adults aged 18 to 64 with 6 to 10 hours of job work on a weekday. Evening diaries had at least 2 work hours from 18:00 to 24:00. Day diaries had none in that period. We excluded diaries with at least 1 work hour from 00:00 to 06:00. We measured local clock overlap with other adults at leisure on the same weekday. Each person was removed from their own reference. In 2024, there were 883 day diaries and 67 evening diaries. Other adults were at leisure during 33.49 percent of day group leisure minutes and 14.89 percent of evening group leisure minutes. The difference was -18.60 percentage points. The 95 percent survey interval was -20.62 to -16.58. In 2023, 1,057 day diaries and 72 evening diaries gave a difference of -18.20 points, with an interval of -21.37 to -15.03. Adjustment for work and leisure duration bins kept the difference in both years. All 160 official replicate weights were used to rebuild the reference and estimates. This measure describes schedule overlap. It does not measure social contact or a causal effect of evening work. The package preserves unchanged BLS inputs, source hashes, code, full replicate estimates, two figures, an independent calculation, a local analysis plan, and repeat instructions.

time use · leisure · work schedules · evening work · schedule overlap · survey weights · ATUS · collective dynamics