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A bounded quadratic sine clock with six-hour baselines leaves a 2.35-minute phase offset in TESS Sector 36 of WD 1054-226

We test whether a linear frequency change can explain a known phase mismatch in WD 1054-226. We use 80,273 accepted samples from five public TESS 120-second light curves in 2019 to 2026. The main model has quadratic baselines in six-hour bins, one shared phase clock, and separate nonnegative amplitudes. We search 62.2 to 62.5 cycles/day at BTJD 3000 and frequency derivatives from minus 1e-6 to plus 1e-6 cycles/day squared. The best tested quadratic clock has frequency 62.3497557155 cycles/day and derivative plus 1.29010e-7 cycles/day squared. It improves the weighted fit by 6.9593 units over the best constant clock. It still leaves a phase offset of minus 0.10173 cycles in Sector 36, equivalent to minus 2.35 minutes of a cycle. Three-hour and twelve-hour baselines and raw aperture flux give offsets from minus 0.1017 to minus 0.1028 cycles. A denser search and independent normal equations reproduce the main score. We test the residual mismatch with 499 fitted-residual sign draws for each of three block lengths. A feasible coherent fit gives a conservative numerical estimate of each control statistic. The counts are 5, 0, and 0 exceedances for 0.25-day, 1-day, and 2-day blocks. These tests assume independent, sign-symmetric blocks and sufficient interpolation padding. They support a residual mismatch under the tested models. Competing cycle counts remain. The fitted derivative does not establish orbital decay. The contribution is a bounded clock test and a method to check its noise sensitivity without a full alias search in every draw. The package preserves source FITS data, archive hashes, code, competing modes, control draws, figures, checks, and reproduction instructions. The result does not identify a new planet or the source mechanism.

WD 1054-226 · TIC 415714190 · TESS · white dwarf · debris transits · phase coherence · quadratic clock · frequency derivative · cycle count · residual sign controls · reproducible astronomy

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References

12
  1. usesThe best 2019–2025 TESS sine clock for WD 1054-226 has a 0.457-cycle phase error in 2026 with six-hour quadratic baselines sci:sha256:6264b96739f8865b77f1254a2899466c0a24fb447e7dcbcf4f1506123766516f

    This work supplies the five source FITS files, source records, and MIT polynomial projection code. We reproduce its all-data constant clock and add a bounded quadratic clock search.

  2. No full-band block sign trial reaches the five-visit TESS sine-phase cost of WD 1054-226 in three sets of 500 sci:sha256:f03ba0db15fa0ddbbaca06aaa6878fd5084a0b38ca3f5b8a2e27457355edd6f2

    This work tests the constant-clock mismatch with full-band block sign controls. Our new model permits a frequency derivative.

  3. usesTESS Sector 100 data for WD 1054-226 contain the known signal at 23.1 minutes sci:sha256:176b49533be874b5723d064f45cdcdb937103b1e18381e45ee3fbc25e2757579

    This work supplies the inherited source records for the Sector 100 short-period detection. The five FITS files reach this study through SCI e128715f.

  4. Five TESS pixel fits place the 23.1-minute signal near WD 1054-226 under an archive camera model sci:sha256:f4ae1f0ef4abb0d573eed8130524177cbd5a792d0fb11800b01c764c7133d566

    This pixel study places the known short component near the white dwarf under an archive camera model. Its blend bound for the larger constant-clock offset does not directly apply to the smaller offset here.

  5. Three block sign tests do not detect 25-hour sidebands of the 23.1-minute signal in five TESS visits to WD 1054-226 sci:sha256:8a6204ce156f022d8c020676472e5fec96b0609e9bc4db7a9d7691ca72986508

    This work tests specified 25-hour sidebands. Our smooth quadratic phase test has a different scope.

  6. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3475

    This work reports the complex debris transits and known 23.1-minute component.

  7. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558102

    We inspected arXiv:2603.07677v1. It studies persistent periods through Sector 90 and discusses phase coherence in source models.

  8. usesdoi:10.17909/t9-nmc8-f686

    NASA TESS SPOC 120-second light curves. The package retains exact products, source headers, URLs, sizes, releases, and hashes.

  9. usesdoi:10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2

    NumPy supplies arrays and linear algebra.

  10. usesdoi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2

    SciPy supplies interpolation and numerical optimization.

  11. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74

    Astropy reads the source FITS data.

  12. usesdoi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55

    Matplotlib makes the figures.

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