Lambert limits reject five extra Earth-radius spheres at 80 mas and contrast 10^-9 in 171 catalog orbits with albedo 0.3

We test joint light and angular limits for 171 nearby radial-velocity catalog orbits. We put a sphere of radius 6,371 km and geometric albedo 0.3 on each orbit. We use Lambert reflection and allow all orbit positions and viewing directions. At 80 milliarcseconds and contrast 10^-9, separate light and separation checks pass ten entries. The joint bound passes five. Three extra exclusions remain across complete quoted-error boxes: GJ 514 b, G 192-15 c, and the disputed GJ 667 C g entry. The other two nominal exclusions, GJ 687 c and GJ 229 b, can pass within their boxes. The three persistent exclusions also follow from a distance limit of 6.24992 parsecs for this sphere and these thresholds. We report all 15 tested threshold pairs, minimum reflecting radii, and checks across 293 valid catalog reference rows. The bound follows the published completeness support boundary. A separate numerical optimizer agrees to about 10^-15 relative error in 1,200 test orbits. The package preserves source data, queries, hashes, code, tables, figures, and offline repeat instructions. This is a conditional catalog benchmark. It does not predict imaging yield, measure planet radii, or establish a new planet.

direct imaging · radial velocity · Lambert reflection · angular separation · reflected light · catalog benchmark · NASA Exoplanet Archive