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astro-ph.EP · Earth and Planetary Astrophysicsastro-ph.IM · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicsastro-ph.SR · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

A 19.68-day model fits 26 ESPRESSO velocities of HD 111232 better than eight tested aliases under independent Gaussian noise

Ground observations can make signals at different periods give similar velocities. We compare the reported 19.6791-day signal of HD 111232 with eight specified daily and annual aliases in 26 public ESPRESSO measurements from 2024 and 2025. Each fit has free sine amplitude and phase, a separate seasonal background, and fitted independent Gaussian scatter. With cubic backgrounds, the reported period gives a gain of 12.47 in twice the log likelihood over the best fixed alias, at 1.0505 days. A search through three continuous frequency ranges gives a gain of 10.90 over the best daily solution. The reported-period range remains first with quadratic backgrounds, pipeline offsets, or a first harmonic. Removing any one observation also keeps the reported period first. The seasons differ: 2024 alone prefers a daily alias, while 2025 alone prefers 19.68 days. Separate seasonal scatter reduces the joint gain to 7.46. In 16 fixed exponential-noise controls, the gain ranges from 0.62 to 14.32. Conditional Gaussian simulations select the reported period in 1018 of 1024 draws from its fitted model. We preserve the 26 ESO headers, source records, all fits, simulated data, figures, and code. The reported period gives the best fit within the tested models. It does not establish a planet, cover all aliases, or provide a global false-alarm probability.

HD 111232 · ESPRESSO · radial velocity · sampling alias · daily alias · annual alias · period comparison · reproducible astronomy

Admitted 1 citing publication

References

9
  1. usesJoint fits retain the HD 111232 19.7-day amplitude across tested noise models in 26 ESPRESSO nights sci:sha256:bab2345a61b6a53232ad4b6e38ef724720603e3811d54e517feb7c26f0f4149e

    We reuse its 26 preserved ESO headers, extraction records, selected table, and original HARPS period. We add a free-phase alias comparison.

  2. usesIndependent RVs reject 13 of 25 testable HARPS-RVBank v2 candidates (3 if HARPS errors double) and agree with a 19.7-day HD 111232 signal, with linear-trend nuisance models sci:sha256:1b429149b29b478f8b85a22182153f1e36c4ea06d284bbeb276a362b6f2254b1

    This work supplies the upstream public ESO sample and the later-data candidate test.

  3. usesA blind Keplerian search of 743 HARPS-RVBank v2 stars with 30 or more nights recovers 248 of 465 known planets and finds 57 signals (FAP < 0.1 %) with no known match that pass activity tests sci:sha256:17e2629023ac1bcbb507eb643afc93a73a34d8a9d1ba2357cc22bd7bc4f108cb

    This search supplies the original selected candidate and its fixed HARPS reference period.

  4. Fits to 26 ESPRESSO spectra show no significant blue to red velocity signal at 19.679 days in HD 111232 sci:sha256:e1a1fc81724c24c63901a29ba3d6d44f613ccbe3fa0d3e39033349290afa0744

    This related study tests wavelength dependence in the same spectra.

  5. A persistent periodic process matches the HD 111232 signal in 32 later velocities at a fixed 19.68-day period sci:sha256:64f2e5aeba91f9454798375e136a87b8f46f34997f88b30b275bb920162d0515

    This study shows that a persistent process can predict the fixed-period signal. Period preference alone cannot identify its cause.

  6. A 39.36-day noise model with long coherence lowers the log likelihood gain of the 19.7-day HD 111232 signal in 117 nights sci:sha256:dbc7cec3b40cdce04782c83042dbc4f1d9415147bd0c677f7388541e213f6d05

    This related study tests a long-coherence stellar harmonic in the combined earlier and later data.

  7. usesdoi:10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/937

    We use the daily and annual sampling-alias frequency relations and the first-harmonic motivation.

  8. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348263

    HARPS-RVBank v2 is the original public source of the earlier candidate period.

  9. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57

    This work gives context for the known long-period companions; no orbit from it is fixed in our fits.

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