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astro-ph.HE · High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaastro-ph.IM · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

2012–2026 X-ray data do not detect a stable first-order cycle interaction at two fixed periods in 2S 0114+650

We test whether two known cycles have a stable interaction in daily X-ray data for 2S 0114+650. The fixed periods are 11.5983 and 30.76 days. We use 4,684 BAT measurements and 3,928 measurements in each of three MAXI bands from 2012–2026. The energy bands are 15–50 keV for BAT and 2–4, 4–10 and 10–20 keV for MAXI. Separate additive cycle profiles in each year allow ordinary cycle changes. Four global product terms test signals at 8.42252 and 18.61858 days. A block wild bootstrap finds no detection in any band. The smallest primary p value is 0.5366. The test gives approximate simultaneous 95% upper bounds on interaction root mean square (RMS). The BAT bound is 11.8%. The MAXI bounds are 36.5%, 14.2% and 21.4% in energy order. Each bound uses that band’s weighted mean flux as the scale. These bounds assume the fixed periods, model and block error conditions. Planned changes to periods, weights, harmonics and error blocks also give no detection. The limits apply to a stable first-order interaction. They do not rule out changes in phase or interaction strength. The package preserves source snapshots, provenance, code, bootstrap draws, figures and reproduction instructions.

2S 0114+650 · 4U 0114+650 · X-ray binaries · superorbital modulation · orbital modulation · Swift BAT · MAXI · cycle interaction · sidebands · block wild bootstrap · upper bounds · public astronomical data

Admitted 2 citing publications

References

8
  1. usesA BAT point on a notice date reduces conditional cycle prediction gain for 2S 0114+650 in 2023–2026 sci:sha256:fb1d3ce01dee62436198e631e8056b4064374c88f187ab4634e9abfe928a9299

    We use its BAT date screen for MJD 58571 and 58572. We test a different question with a new interaction model.

  2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10150.x

    This work established the known superorbital cycle.

  3. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11688.x

    Section 5 reports an earlier unresolved test of orbital modulation versus superorbital phase in this source.

  4. usesdoi:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/45

    We use the reported superorbital period of 30.76 days.

  5. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa79a3

    Changes in ordinary cycle strength and shape motivate annual additive profiles.

  6. usesdoi:10.1093/mnras/stad3878

    Table 1 supplies the adopted periods and their uncertainties. The study gives context for energy-dependent cycle tests.

  7. usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14

    We use public daily Swift/BAT transient monitor fluxes.

  8. usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/61.5.999

    We use public daily MAXI/GSC fluxes in three energy bands.

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