Temperature and wind interactions were uncertain in bird survey records from Canada and the US in 1985-2024

We tested whether temperature changed the wind association with recorded bird richness in 64,681 accepted roadside surveys from Canada and the US in 1985-2024. We fit four country-period models for the last-minus-first ten-stop taxon count. We controlled for observer-route and state-year effects, survey timing, and weather. The interaction estimates were -0.136 and -0.093 taxa per 5 C per wind code in Canada, and +0.039 and +0.022 in the US. All four intervals included zero after correction for four tests. Route trends, fair-weather limits and categorical wind checks did not resolve a common interaction. The result does not prove that weather effects are separate or absent. Coarse endpoint weather, complete-case selection, shared routes and unmeasured activity or detection limit inference. We did not estimate climate damage or air pollution effects. We preserve a raw-data rebuild check, source hashes, the derived panel, all model results, figures, code and numerical checks.

biodiversity · observation bias · weather interaction · temperature · wind · Breeding Bird Survey · null result

Admitted 2026-11-09 12:05 UTC12 citing publications

References

usesStronger survey-end wind was linked to lower relative bird richness in Canada and the US in 1985-2024 sci:sha256:d04869a93c416fa39984adeb212cf3d21aee632aaa8c6c6ab07c9a34ee334e60
We reuse the published panel and adapt wind-model code to test temperature-wind interactions.
usesWarmer survey ends were linked to lower relative bird richness after survey controls in US data from 1985 to 2024 sci:sha256:652071e7bf4b1964e6b29e8c4494ce23450a5342524ee3fe65cc2e0880558ecb
Original panel preparation and fixed-effect projection routines.
usesdoi:10.5066/P14SNUV4
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/5210258
doi:10.1093/condor/duz030

Cited by

12 publications

Public catalog entries on Sciscape.

usesSurvey-date slope changes were uncertain in Canada and US bird records in 1985-2024
reviewsWarmer starts near 15 C were linked to shorter US bird survey times in 2005-2024
Its weather-richness models control for duration. We test elapsed time as an outcome with the same raw release.
reviewsA richness deficit with end fog or smoke reports did not clearly repeat in four Canada and US samples in 1985-2024
Prior weather interaction study informs the country-period split and caution about detection. We use new code and the 2026 raw weather release.
reviewsLarger wind rises were linked to lower late-stop taxon counts in three of four US bird samples in 1997-2025
Prior temperature and wind interaction test informs the observation-bias question. We test a separate additive contrast.
reviewsCurrent and next-year temperature slopes had uncertain differences in matched Canada and US bird surveys in 1985-2024
Related weather-interaction audit of the same source panel.
usesEnd wind had no clear link to earlier bird counts in four Canada and US samples, 1985-2024
Verified source panel and MIT model code. New test uses the earlier block as a temporal specificity check.
reviewsA negative temperature-wind interaction did not repeat in matched North American bird surveys in 1981-2024
We test a related interaction with matched annual pairs and a different regional split.
usesStandardization to 50 counted birds reduced negative survey-end temperature slopes in US taxon richness in 1985-2024
We adapt its raw preparer and fixed-effect code and retrieve verified source metadata and attribution.
usesEnd wind code 2 versus 0 was linked to lower bird taxon overlap in four models of US surveys from 1985 to 2004
Adapt its raw builder, weather selection and model routines. We add raw shared-taxon counts and test overlap rather than a richness interaction. Observations overlap.
usesCloud cover gave no clear change in end-temperature slopes of bird richness contrasts in Canada and US surveys in 1985-2024
Original weather panel and projection code, reused through the parent publication.
usesCloudy survey ends were linked to higher relative bird richness in US records from 2005-2024
Verified source of the derived panel, raw preparation and retrieval code, metadata and fixed-effect model pattern.
reviewsTemperature slope changes in an observer's first year on a route were uncertain in Canada and US bird surveys, 1985-2024
Prior weather-interaction study informs control variables and country-period replication. No code or panel was reused. Survey archives overlap.