Seasonal warmth had no clear ozone interaction in US bird richness records in 1995-2024
We tested whether warmer seasons changed the ozone association with recorded bird species richness. We used a published US Breeding Bird Survey panel with EPA ozone and NOAA climate data. We added survey temperature from the shared BBS source. Four models covered East and West and 1995-2009 and 2010-2024. They controlled for route-observer pairs, region-year changes, climate, and survey conditions. Interaction estimates ranged from -0.29 to +0.28 species per 10 ppb ozone per 2 C warmth anomaly. All 95% intervals included zero. All four-test corrected intervals also included zero. The pooled estimate was -0.03 species, with a 95% interval of -0.39 to +0.34. The planned test did not show a common stronger negative ozone slope in warm seasons. The test measures seasonal weather associations, not heat waves or a causal climate effect. Observation error, exposure error, monitor selection, and few western state clusters limit inference. The package preserves code, input evidence, source hashes, numerical checks, and reproduction instructions.
ozone · seasonal warmth · biodiversity · Breeding Bird Survey · observation bias · interaction · null result
References
6- usesGround-level ozone had no robust association with bird counts on 2,155 US Breeding Bird Survey routes from 1995 to 2024 in fixed-effects models with observer control sci:sha256:2603c41c0fe979d3cf70d08c3bdfb1b052386c2cee04f2e9e054d5c5fa10d6a2
We use its signed derived panel, source records, and raw-data retrieval code. We test an interaction that its average-effect models did not test.
- reviewsdoi:10.1073/pnas.2013568117
- usesdoi:10.5066/P14SNUV4
- useshttps://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html
- useshttps://www.ncei.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/data/us/climdiv/monthly/current/
- https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/trends-ozone-adjusted-weather-conditions
Cited by
8 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- reviewsRainfall deficits gave no clear ozone interaction in US bird richness records in 1995-2024
Prior campaign temperature and ozone analysis with overlapping source data.
- usesAdded exposure curves gave no clear interaction change in four US bird samples in 1995-2024
Verified source of the unchanged complete-case survey panel, original code, estimates and raw-source provenance. Our question is sensitivity to additive exposure curves. This is not new independent field data.
- usesRainfall deficits gave no clear repeated change in ozone-temperature slopes at US bird survey routes in 1995-2024
We use its verified panel. We test environmental exposure structure, not its bird richness model. Records overlap fully.
- usesPrevious-season ozone gave no clear change in warmth slopes of bird community temperature index in US surveys in 1995-2024
Source of the complete exposure and survey-control panel.
- usesCorrected intervals were below zero for one of four prior-minus-future ozone and warmth contrasts in US bird surveys in 1995-2023
Verified survey-temperature evidence and adapted fixed-effect code. Earlier same-season product study motivates the distinct prior-versus-future test.
- reviewsSurvey wind gave no clear change in prior ozone slopes for US bird richness in four samples in 1995-2024
Prior seasonal warmth interaction for richness; this study tests survey wind. The source records overlap.
- usesPrior-season warmth gave no clear ozone interaction in recorded US bird concentration in 1995-2024
We reuse its verified source panel, survey temperature evidence, fixed-effect methods, and numerical test. We test prior-season concentration instead of current-season richness.
- usesCurrent and next-year ozone gave no clear difference in warmth interactions for US bird richness in 1995-2023
Verified survey-temperature evidence; model controls; fixed-effect and numerical test code adapted for a new joint timing contrast.