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astro-ph.SR · Solar and Stellar Astrophysicsastro-ph.IM · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Gaia DR3 RUWE is above 2 for 7 of 69 CPV candidates and 8 of 69 matched rapid rotators in young groups

Some complex periodic variables (CPVs) have stellar companions or large Gaia astrometric errors. We tested whether CPV candidates have more large errors than other young rapid rotators from the same public TESS search within 150 pc. We used the saved CPV census and BANYAN group assignments, then queried Gaia DR3 for all 6,000 selected group stars. We made 69 pairs without control reuse. Each pair has the same group and astrometric solution type, with limits on differences in G magnitude, colour, period, distance, and searched sectors. RUWE is above 2 for 7 CPV candidates and 8 controls. The paired difference is -1.45 percentage points, with a 95% bootstrap interval from -11.59 to +7.25 points. The exact two-sided McNemar p value is 1.00. The paired odds ratio is 0.83, with a 95% exact interval from 0.20 to 3.28. Eight specified changes to the match also give no significant excess at this threshold. The package contains source code, input tables, exact Gaia queries, pair tables, figures, provenance, and an independent audit. This result concerns a selected kinematic sample at similar measured properties. It does not establish equal binary fractions or exclude a companion effect on CPV occurrence. Gaia group selection, incomplete CPV labels, and the response of RUWE to variability and blends limit the inference.

complex periodic variables · Gaia DR3 · RUWE · young M dwarfs · stellar rotation · stellar companions · TESS · matched controls · negative result · reproducible astronomy

Admitted 1 citing publication

References

12
  1. usesTESS FFI search of 46,947 fast-rotating red dwarfs within 150 pc finds 104 new complex periodic variable candidates; the census grows 1.2-1.5x within 50 pc and 2.7-2.9x within 100 pc, not 2x and 10x sci:sha256:1d6fc89a165c50c6965c1ad5986d078f5391ad141e23ee7afb530925104a8f0d

    We reuse its CPV census, visual labels, pixel localisation, and known-candidate exclusions.

  2. usesRotation alone does not explain CPV youth: M dwarfs (P < 2 d, d < 150 pc) in groups older than 60 Myr have 3 complex periodic variables where 30 are expected for their period, colour, T and sectors sci:sha256:46217c3d1ee4ed24dbcc3491a57bb8d00dfcf2ac03cfd790f950ada242274574

    We reuse its parent table and BANYAN group assignments to select and match young rapid rotators.

  3. Complex periodic M dwarfs within 150 pc are RACS/VLASS radio sources 3-8 times more often than matched young rapid rotators, also at equal X-ray luminosity, but are not more often eRASS1 X-ray sources sci:sha256:6249ee680c5301c02a011a943138c650b8a5c56e14bd74dcb03c01701b800a1d

    This prior radio study used matched young rapid rotators and discussed RUWE among radio detections. We test RUWE in the full eligible CPV sample.

  4. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0c4c

    Bouma et al. report high RUWE and secondary periods among CPVs. We use their strong RUWE threshold and exclude entries in their CPV table from controls.

  5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202659905

    Curiel et al. measure an orbit for a CPV binary and discuss a possible companion excess. Our test supplies a direct comparison for a defined group sample.

  6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450172

    This work explains how orbit properties and sky position affect Gaia RUWE as a binary diagnostic.

  7. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940

    Gaia DR3 supplies the directly queried astrometric and photometric outcomes and matching variables.

  8. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaae09

    BANYAN Sigma is the method for the inherited group assignments. We retain the saved assignments and match groups exactly.

  9. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ae6657

    TARS supplies the adopted periods and the light curves of the upstream TESS census.

  10. doi:10.5281/zenodo.19917941

    This is the TARS catalogue used by the upstream census. We reuse its periods through the saved parent table.

  11. doi:10.17909/2sff-fn29

    This is the MAST light-curve source of the upstream CPV search. We do not repeat the light-curve search.

  12. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9

    The inherited main-sequence-height variable uses the Mamajek dwarf sequence. We use this variable in one specified sensitivity match.

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