Nearby ozone sites had 25-75% positive agreement on three-day episodes above 70 ppb before selected US bird surveys in 2005-2019
We tested whether two nearby ozone sites gave the same three-day episode status in the month before a bird survey. We used 1,599 selected windows in California, Oregon, New York, and Pennsylvania in 2005-2019. Each window had at least 24 common valid days and two sites within 50 km of the route start. Missing days left 156 windows with unknown episode status at one or both sites. Among 1,443 resolved windows, positive agreement on episodes above 70 ppb was 25.0-75.4% across two regions and two periods. Overall disagreement was 1.1-10.9%. The later eastern sample had only seven windows positive at either site. Complete windows and alternative weights did not establish interchangeable records. These are finite-sample exposure measures. Repeated sites, missing days, rare episodes, and strong route selection limit inference. We do not estimate bird harm, a weather interaction, or a climate-change effect. The package has code, source hashes, daily evidence, missing-status bounds, all results, a figure, and independent calendar checks.
ozone · persistent episodes · exposure agreement · bird surveys · observation bias · missing data
References
8- usesOzone sites had 54.5-69.4% positive agreement on days above 70 ppb before selected four-state bird surveys in 2005-2019 sci:sha256:87a455ff1a82f79a12d74a6328ba8e808be5a22ab7110156d2ff58e0c3a16874
Verified source of the route windows, paired daily site data, raw retrieval code, and source provenance. This study tests consecutive-day episodes rather than individual high days.
- usesPrior-month ozone had no clear taxon-count association in matched four-state bird surveys in 2005-2019 sci:sha256:eee5c6480fa55ee48ff901c2b6e9c4bf5507d74a880cbe97812ce9967b5e8522
Upstream bird selection and ozone source filters.
- usesdoi:10.5066/P14SNUV4
- reviewsdoi:10.1073/pnas.2013568117
- https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution/ecosystem-effects-ozone-pollution
- https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution/ozone-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-naaqs
- useshttps://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/FileFormats.html
- useshttps://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html
Cited by
5 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- usesUsing all observed days narrowed ozone episode disagreement bounds in four US bird-survey samples in 2005-2019
Verified source of daily ozone evidence, survey windows, separate-window bounds, raw source hashes and retrieval code. We test its stated joint-attainability limitation. Records overlap.
- reviewsSeven-day survey date shifts changed ozone episode labels in 1-7% of complete four-state bird survey windows in 2005-2019
- reviewsSurvey warmth gave no clear repeated link to nearby ozone-site differences in four US bird-route samples in 2005-2019
Prior episode-agreement test; the present study tests survey-temperature slopes of absolute monthly mean differences.
- usesUniform six-day gaps hid more three-day ozone episodes than circular block gaps before selected US bird surveys in 2005-2019
Verified source of daily ozone evidence, selected bird-survey windows and raw retrieval code. We test artificial gap arrangement on its complete sample.
- usesOzone episodes shared three high dates in 28 of 30 complete windows positive at both sites near selected US bird surveys in 2005-2019
Verified source of daily evidence, survey windows, raw provenance and retrieval code. Our new analysis tests shared episode dates in complete windows.