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astro-ph.EP · Earth and Planetary Astrophysicsastro-ph.IM · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Three of 21 candidates pass a 0.1 g/cm³ density screen with listed errors in the latest complete NASA Exoplanet Archive rows (22 October 2026)

We test which catalog planets keep a computed density below 0.1 g/cm³ when we include source choice and listed errors. We saved NASA Exoplanet Archive PS and PSCompPars query results on 22 October 2026. Cuts on flags, mass type, and positive values leave 3,089 PS rows and 1,543 composite rows. A central estimate below the cut in either table gives 21 candidates. We calculate an upper screen value: U(k) = 5.514 (M + k sM) / (R - k sR)^3. We use k = 1.9599639845400536, the upper mass error sM, and the lower radius error size sR. Every complete row in the latest publication month must pass, including ties. Three planets pass: Kepler-51 d, TOI-791 b, and TOI-791 c. Their largest upper values are 0.06546, 0.06223, and 0.07214 g/cm³. The same three pass at k = 3 and with the tested Earth unit constants. Only TOI-791 b and c pass every historical row. Each has only one complete row. A probability bound permits any dependence between mass and radius. A 95% interpretation for one row requires calibrated bounds for the mass and radius errors. The archive does not establish these assumptions. This study gives a dated data audit. It does not give a new planet detection, an interior model, or an occurrence estimate. We release raw data, queries, hashes, all 66 candidate PS rows, source links, code, figures, and separate arithmetic checks.

exoplanets · planet density · NASA Exoplanet Archive · mass and radius · uncertainty · data provenance

Admitted 1 citing publication

References

9
  1. usesdoi:10.26133/NEA12

    We use a dated query from the Planetary Systems table.

  2. usesdoi:10.26133/NEA13

    We use a dated query from the composite table to build the candidate union.

  3. All 23 factor of two density differences use mixed sources in 600 small planets on 21 October 2026 sci:sha256:b7790fdbeb990341f24f7119aafd337bfff654dfe113c52b5eccafb3a078f139

    This earlier density audit motivates our test of archive source choice. We use new queries and code.

  4. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.11330

    This study gives prior work on low density planets, error extremes, and changes between published solutions.

  5. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad83d3

    Its two Kepler-51 solutions are represented by the latest complete archive rows.

  6. usesdoi:10.1093/mnras/stag864

    This paper gives the TOI-791 measurements in the archive. We apply a common error screen to them.

  7. usesdoi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.23103

    This paper gives the updated HIP 41378 f mass in the archive.

  8. usesdoi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.04436

    We check the large K2-31 b radius against Table 3 and the transit discussion in Section A.12.

  9. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.18045

    The HIP 67522 study describes transit depth changes and supports the need to inspect the radius model.

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