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Local noise tests do not show a new timing anomaly in the July 2024 TESS transit of Kepler-51d

We test two published four-planet orbit models for Kepler-51 with public TESS data. We select six expected transit events from 2024 by time and data coverage. These events are absent from the published timing table. Two events occur after the last time in that table. For the July transit of planet d, a fit with free duration gives BJD_TDB 2460512.34011. This time is 39 to 45 minutes before the two model means. The formal error is 9.2 minutes. Tests with residual blocks give an error scale of 15.5 minutes. Tests with nearby artificial transits give larger errors. For 15 tests with an adopted 1.18% depth, 8.448-hour duration, and matched baseline coverage, the root mean square timing error is 61 minutes. Tests at the fitted shape give 34 minutes. A fit with fixed duration shifts the time by 55 minutes. These data do not give sufficient evidence for a new timing anomaly. They do not select between the two tested orbit models. The later transit of planet b reaches a duration bound and gives no primary timing test. We release the raw light curves, orbit inputs, code, figures, and result tables. The injection tests have overlapping windows. Their errors are not a calibrated confidence limit.

Kepler-51 · TESS · transit timing variations · correlated noise · injection recovery · public data

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References

6
  1. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad83d3

    We test the two released near-2:1 orbit sample sets with TESS flux data absent from its input timing table.

  2. usesdoi:10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/132

    We use TTVFast to compute transit times from the released Jacobi elements.

  3. usesdoi:10.1086/683602

    We use batman for spherical transit templates.

  4. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5d36

    Published system geometry helps to define the adopted transit template.

  5. Three of 21 candidates pass a 0.1 g/cm³ density screen with listed errors in the latest complete NASA Exoplanet Archive rows (22 October 2026) sci:sha256:6688aadb132d157d1b58b874e4c9f2b4918ab99dde3f8c9cf0b9c3c5ecedb9a8

    This prior SCI study includes Kepler-51 in a planet density screen. Our study tests transit timing.

  6. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.06035

    This later transit timing search uses Kepler data for Kepler-51. Its Table 1 lists no TESS sectors for this system.

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