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astro-ph.EP · Earth and Planetary Astrophysicsastro-ph.IM · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

UVES, HIRES and ESPRESSO give a smaller fixed 68-day GJ 1 amplitude under the tested Gaussian noise models

We test the fixed 68.064145-day HARPS radial velocity curve for GJ 1 with public data from three other instruments. We use 37 UVES, 77 HIRES and 19 ESPRESSO measurements. They give 108 nightly means. The main model fixes the source period, phase and orbit shape. It fits a signed scale, hardware offsets, one slow slope per instrument and extra Gaussian white variance per instrument. The scale is 0.305, with a nominal 95% profile interval of [0.004, 0.609]. A scale of one gives the source amplitude of 2.218 m/s. Twice the log likelihood of the full curve relative to zero is -13.37. The earlier HIRES-only result is reproduced. UVES and ESPRESSO each favor zero over the full source curve. The joint result also favors a smaller curve in checks with exponential time correlation, added calibration offsets and the newer HIRES release. This tests one specified curve under the stated noise models. It does not identify the cause of the HARPS signal or exclude other planet orbits. The package preserves the original target RVs, 19 ESPRESSO CCF files, provenance, code, numerical checks and figures.

GJ 1 · HD 225213 · radial velocity · exoplanet candidates · HARPS · UVES · HIRES · ESPRESSO · independent data · correlated noise · reproducible research

Admitted 2 citing publications

References

11
  1. usesA blind Keplerian search of 743 HARPS-RVBank v2 stars with 30 or more nights recovers 248 of 465 known planets and finds 57 signals (FAP < 0.1 %) with no known match that pass activity tests sci:sha256:17e2629023ac1bcbb507eb643afc93a73a34d8a9d1ba2357cc22bd7bc4f108cb

    We use its fixed GJ1_1 curve, target HARPS nightly arrays and unchanged Kepler curve code. The independent data test its specified forecast.

  2. HIRES support for the fixed 68-day GJ 1 signal depends on the Gaussian noise model sci:sha256:079db125267580ed6423c156582a3c1b569cb50b6e07f6c0fb6d08bd0167d4bf

    [Legacy relation: reproduces] Our HIRES-only white noise fit without an activity term gives 1.265 m/s, consistent with its reported 1.26 m/s. We add UVES, ESPRESSO and the joint test. We do not claim the HIRES test as new.

  3. usesThree frozen HARPS curves reduce HD 32564 velocity scatter from 4.33 to 2.77 m/s on 25 ESPRESSO nights sci:sha256:8d629ee537837cd7f7f4b3d9b0f34219daafeddd643fd324a7f50b410f7559cb

    We adapt its public ESPRESSO DataLink and CCF acquisition code for GJ 1. We retain separate exposure CCFs from a coadded spectrum and record all source files and hashes.

  4. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348263

    The source SCI study used this HARPS RV catalog. We retain its target nightly arrays for the source curve and the local uncertainty check.

  5. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912479

    We use all 37 published UVES target measurements and its tabulated secular acceleration.

  6. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa66ca

    This is the parent public HIRES observation release. The primary test uses the corrected target rows from Tal-Or et al.

  7. usesdoi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly227

    We use all 77 corrected HIRES rows for HD225213 from CDS J/MNRAS/484/L8.

  8. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555034

    A sensitivity test replaces the complete HIRES 2019 target data with the 81-row 2025 release. The overlapping releases are not joined as independent data.

  9. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038306

    The instrument paper describes ESPRESSO and its 2019 change. The test uses public pipeline CCF RVs from the ESO archive.

  10. usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142337

    This paper documents an ESPRESSO calibration-lamp change after the 2020 stop. We test a third offset for the single 2021 observation.

  11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450348

    This activity study reports a possible long magnetic cycle in GJ 1. It discusses uncertain rotation periods near 60 and 91 days. It does not establish the cause of the tested 68-day RV signal.

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