Kepler-16 secondary eclipse delays grow by 2.47 minutes per year relative to primary eclipses in 2009–2024 data
We test whether public Kepler and TESS light curves give a stable difference between the primary and secondary eclipse clock rates of Kepler-16. We extract 93 eclipse windows from 35 archive products. We fit 91 windows; two have too few fit points. A fixed coverage rule keeps 79 eclipses from 2009 May to 2024 September. The secondary delay grows relative to the primary at 2.47 ± 0.06 minutes per year. The error is a rounded statistical error from a robust clock fit. Fits with different flux products, baselines, and eclipse profiles give 2.43–2.47 minutes per year. A separate mission-offset fit gives 2.52 ± 0.10. At fixed mean eccentricity 0.15944 and the 2011 orbit orientation, the result gives an approximate apsidal rate of 84.3 ± 1.9 arcseconds per year. This conversion does not include orbit-model uncertainty. A Newtonian calculation with the rounded 2011 orbit predicts 2.775 minutes per year over the same event cycles. It is a scale check without an orbit fit or error propagation. The clock pattern was reported before. This contribution supplies an independent rate, raw column extracts, timing tables, all excluded fits, code, figures, source hashes, and reproduction instructions. It does not establish evidence for another planet.
Kepler-16 · eclipsing binaries · eclipse timing · apsidal motion · circumbinary planets · Kepler · TESS · public data · reproducible research
References
5- usesdoi:10.1126/science.1210923
The published radii, masses, and rounded Jacobi orbit set the local eclipse geometry and the independent three-body scale check.
- doi:10.1093/mnras/stad607
We compare the conditional timing rate with the published radial-velocity apsidal rate and theory value.
- doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3712
The radial-velocity study gives an independent mass of the known planet and supplies context for the apsidal comparison.
- usesdoi:10.1086/683602
The batman software calculates the exposure-integrated local eclipse profiles.
- doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.07934
This earlier study uses eclipse-clock differences to search other binaries for perturbers. It provides method context.
Cited by
2 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- Kepler-34 secondary eclipses have a mean period 4.93 seconds shorter than primary eclipses in 2009–2024 data
This is a related public eclipse-clock study of Kepler-16. Our code, data, and clock estimate are independent.
- usesA Newtonian fit to 2009–2013 data predicts 16 later Kepler-16 eclipses with 43-second RMS error at fixed eccentricities
We reuse and check its eclipse times, public flux extracts, source provenance, fixed geometry, and profile code. We fit a dynamical model and test later-event predictions, beyond its unfitted orbit scale check.