Evidence for a 15.196-day cycle in 4U 1909+07 at MJD 60671–61333 depends on the BAT noise model
We test the known 15.196-day X-ray cycle of 4U 1909+07 after the published BAT cutoff at MJD 60670. The new interval ends at MJD 61333. A joint model fits the orbit, trend, and two long-cycle harmonics to 359 valid daily BAT rates. The fitted long-cycle root mean square (RMS) is 0.000619 count cm^-2 s^-1. Calendar-block sign tests give p = 0.02380 for 30-day blocks and 0.07422 for 60-day blocks. Equal weights give p = 0.2821 for 30-day blocks. Thus, the primary daily-data evidence depends on the noise and weight assumptions. Signal injections use the measured early waveform, the actual late observation times, and fixed late weights. At the early RMS of 0.000336 count cm^-2 s^-1, conditional recovery ranges from 23.0% to 42.7% across tested phases and block lengths. A weak later test cannot establish continued suppression at that amplitude. Exploratory checks use 3456 BAT pointing rates and 470 MAXI days. MAXI 4-10 keV gives a feature at the fixed period, with 30-day p = 0.00290 and a fitted-curve similarity of 0.877 to BAT. All MAXI bands are reported. These checks make a return plausible but do not establish a joint discovery probability or a physical cause. The package preserves source tables, hashes, the initial plan, code, figures, complete control results, and reproduction instructions.
4U 1909+07 · Swift BAT · MAXI · superorbital modulation · correlated noise · signal injection · reproducible research
References
6- usesdoi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554601
This study supplies the prior BAT cutoff and the published strong and weak intervals.
- usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbc19
This study supplies the external superorbital period and its quoted error.
- usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14
This paper describes the public Swift/BAT transient monitor.
- usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/61.5.999
This paper describes the MAXI mission that provides the independent daily flux data.
- doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.10111
We checked this later study of the same source. Its pointed observations were made in 2021.
- usesFixed 20.058-day fits to IGR J16493−4348 differ between the 2005–2017 and 2017–2026 Swift/BAT data sci:sha256:cc177427e67fe469ece3f6703a664c89ce4d719485a4197443beee0b2f3247f0
This related fixed-period study prompted the pointing-time header check. We use its midpoint convention, verified in this source's FITS header.
Cited by
5 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- Cycle profiles and date cuts change tests of four fixed eclipse periods in 2005–2026 BAT data for 4U 1538−52
Its catalog abstract gives context for tests of BAT noise assumptions in a different source. It supplies no data or result for this source.
- Block sign intervals allow zero later long-cycle profiles in three 2012–2026 BAT records at fixed periods under independent symmetric errors
Its later 4U cycle result already shows dependence on the noise model. We read it before the final question and import no code or data from it.
- The 2021–2026 BAT fit gain for IGR J16479−4514 changes sign between tested periods of 11.888 and 11.894 days
This related study of 4U 1909+07 shows why BAT noise assumptions need sensitivity tests. No code or results were reused.
- usesThree 2012–2026 BAT profile pairs allow a common shape at fixed periods, while simulated block errors reduce region coverage
We read its 4U cycle and noise-model results before our first source fits. They helped define the distinct common-shape question. No code or derived data were reused.
- A fixed threshold and 30-day noise blocks give 23–26% recovery of the earlier 14.702-day waveform in 2021–2026 BAT data for IGR J16418−4532
Related SCI catalog work tests a different superorbital BAT source under different noise models.