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Free linear drift in a new source removes over 99% of added period change information in 88 of 115 four-year quadratic transit designs with three times and 30-second errors

We tested three future transit times in 115 fixed quadratic transit designs. The old data contain 4,378 published times from a fixed 2022 catalog. Each new time has an independent 30-second standard error. The interval has calendar labels 2027 to 2031. Each old source has a free offset and zero drift. The new source has a free offset and linear drift. Its best three dates are the first, middle, and last permitted transits. We compare these dates with zero new drift. Free new drift removes more than 99% of the added period change information in 88 designs. The old information remains. The median formal error reduction falls from 85.74% to 12.95%. An independent Gaussian drift calibration can restore the gain from comparing old and new slopes. Its median standard error must be at most 4.86 seconds per Julian year to retain 90% of that gain. We give exact formulas, ideal span and visit bounds, and all system results. Full matrix projections, 60-digit arithmetic, simulations, and a clean reproduction check support the calculations. This is a formal design test with fixed independent errors. It does not establish real source drift or orbital decay. No new transit was measured. The package preserves raw tables, source history, code, the proof, selection records, figures, and reproduction instructions.

transit timing · orbital decay · linear drift · observation design · Fisher information · timing calibration · public astronomical data

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References

8
  1. supersedesFree linear drift in a new source removes over 99% of added period change information in 88 of 115 four-year quadratic transit designs with three times and 30-second errors sci:sha256:3f5e8857447d121bcacf80e4864a60a744e798909a5cf571ed59759560a9a3a7

    This version corrects the UTC date in the fixed plan and literature search notes. The local date was 23 October 2026 in America/Los_Angeles; the UTC date was 24 October 2026. All numerical results, code, raw data, and figures are unchanged.

  2. usesFour-year endpoint pairs minimize formal period change errors in 94 of 115 quadratic transit timing designs with 30-second times and free constant source offsets sci:sha256:50728b0207c872c598cc1ccef1e59920c12e52abf743952a3898a33032bd741c

    We reuse its fixed sample, verified raw tables, and MIT code for input, selection, old information, nominal orbit grids, and CSV output. Its derived data verify our row membership and old errors. We extend the new source model from a constant offset to a free or externally calibrated linear drift.

  3. usesFree source timing offsets remove more than 90% of period change information in 43 of 115 systems in a 2022 transit catalog sci:sha256:361975de1be4f2ad9783a0385173d9d3213b82580ddc31835761a89ca6366c39

    We use its source offset model and sample rules through the later SCI design study.

  4. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac545b

    Tables 3 and 4 at the preserved author Git commit supply the original public transit times, errors, source labels, and nominal linear ephemerides.

  5. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acef00

    Prior work on observation strategies and statistics for transit timing searches for orbital decay.

  6. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae2a23

    Prior work on timing design metrics for decay and precession.

  7. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177729442

    General prior work on optimal allocation in linear regression. We do not claim to introduce optimal polynomial design.

  8. doi:10.1086/655938

    Prior work on time standards and corrections for astronomical timing. We do not infer actual source drift from this citation.

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