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Early inverse-time fits with a fixed baseline predict too little 2022–2024 NEOWISE flux for WD 0145+234

We test predictions from the first three NEOWISE decline visits of WD 0145+234, in January 2020 to January 2021. We fit F(t) = B + A/(t - t0) in each band, with B fixed to the measured pre-outburst mean. A separate reduction uses 24 comparison stars selected from static AllWISE data. For five visits from July 2022 through July 2024, the mean data minus forecast is 14.2% of baseline in W1 and 23.4% in W2. Conditional 95% bootstrap intervals are 10.4–18.2% and 15.8–30.3%. The mean measured excess above baseline is 21.9% and 32.5%. The forecast error remains positive under the tested calibration and quality choices, in both scan seasons, and after removal of the final visit. A 5% independent visit-error floor gives forecast-error intervals of 6.9–21.8% and 13.0–32.9%. Earlier SCI work already found late excess flux and a poor fit for this time law. This study adds an independent reduction and a forecast based on only three early visits. The test is retrospective and exploratory. The intervals do not cover every persistent error specific to the target. We do not establish a new dust event, a permanent flux level, or a planet. The package preserves public source tables, provenance, selection ledgers, code, figures, and offline reproduction instructions.

WD 0145+234 · NEOWISE · white dwarfs · planetary debris · infrared variability · retrospective forecast · reproducible photometry

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References

11
  1. supportsWD 0145+234 had a higher mean flux at 3.4 micrometers in three 2023–2024 visits than in eight 2014–2018 visits sci:sha256:b08aee5fad66eef89cc285c0bb27f3c13a8212642043299a0773831b1275d127

    Our independent reduction also measures late flux above the pre-outburst mean. That result was already reported in this SCI study.

  2. supportsAn inverse-time curve tied to the earlier mean does not fit the 2020–2024 W1 data for WD 0145+234 with the tested visit errors sci:sha256:c5035656e70c10231020ea6330efbf5826bd5e703d5c32d729c66904146ed57d

    This study already found that one inverse-time curve does not fit the full decline. We add a retrospective forecast from only the first three decline visits, with a separate reduction.

  3. One line fits the two-band fluxes of WD 0145+234 in ten 2020–2024 NEOWISE visits under the tested error model sci:sha256:e2c3ca4b04d5858bb08b4a515215e72b49ebae80695b21dd09176be9ea229091

    This study tests the two-band flux relation. A failure of the tested time law does not require a change in that relation.

  4. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab53ed

    This paper reports the known infrared outburst and the nearby source.

  5. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1738

    This paper reports the early decline and smaller changes, and gives a debris collision model.

  6. usesdoi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad198

    This paper supplies the heuristic inverse-time context and observations used to motivate our time-offset bounds. Its Spitzer and JWST fluxes are not used in our fit.

  7. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5be7

    This paper discusses white dwarf infrared variability and source association limits.

  8. usesdoi:10.26131/IRSA144

    We use the final public NEOWISE single-exposure source table.

  9. usesdoi:10.26131/IRSA1

    We use AllWISE positions, quality information, and neighbors to select comparison stars.

  10. usesdoi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2

    We use SciPy for numerical fitting and the independent solver check.

  11. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74

    We use Astropy to read archive tables and convert observation times.

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