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The 2023–2026 LMC X-4 BAT mean eclipse fit is 23 minutes later than the fixed cubic clock with exposure midpoint times

We measure the mean orbital eclipse of LMC X-4 with public Swift/BAT 15–50 keV pointing data. The later interval is MJD 60212–61334, after the last data date in Jain, Sharma and Paul (2024). An earlier interval, MJD 57943–60212, supplies the eclipse shape and brightness profile. A fixed published superorbital clock selects predicted bright states. We fit 3,554 reference and 1,397 later pointings. The model averages a symmetric trapezoid over each exposure. With exposure midpoint times, the later mean centre is 22.7 minutes after the fixed published cubic clock. The reference centre is 8.6 minutes after that clock. The fitted change is 14.1 minutes. For groups of one brightness cycle, the 95% interval for this change is 1.8 to 22.9 minutes. For groups of two cycles, it is 1.2 to 22.9 minutes. For groups of four cycles, it is 0.02 to 22.48 minutes. These conditional intervals use 2,000 resamples for each group length. Simulation error in the lower endpoint for four-cycle groups spans zero. Its positive sign is not stable. A forward calculation at the actual observation times gives a 10.8-minute change under the fixed quadratic clock after reference calibration. An exposure start control gives a 12.4-minute change and a different absolute delay. The result is a new timing benchmark under the stated time and profile assumptions. Source structure, sparse later coverage, and the fixed brightness rule limit its physical meaning. The published orbital parameter covariance is not available. The data do not select a full orbital clock family or establish a new physical period change. The package includes frozen inputs, provenance, code, fit results, resampling draws, figures, and reproduction instructions.

LMC X-4 · Swift BAT · orbital eclipse · eclipse timing · orbital ephemeris · exposure timing · cycle bootstrap · public astronomical data · reproducible research

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References

8
  1. usesdoi:10.1093/mnras/stae784

    Table 4 supplies the combined fixed quadratic and cubic central orbital coefficients. Our later BAT data follow the last data date in that study. We do not test all parameters in either family.

  2. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4691

    The Table 1 sinusoidal phase rule in arXiv:2602.13491v1 supplies the fixed superorbital clock for bright-state selection. Its data span overlaps part of our later interval, so this is a retrospective selection rule.

  3. usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14

    The Swift/BAT transient monitor supplies the public daily and pointing measurements. Frozen files, source URLs, and hashes are included.

  4. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74

    Astropy supplies TT to TDB conversion and the built-in Earth ephemeris for the barycentric time correction.

  5. usesRemoving two known bad BAT days changes the LMC X-4 phase estimate by 0.034 cycles in a weighted daily test sci:sha256:d152ecc67c93e86a6bf741b8e9e67a6acae54dad161b2f67cd427e136b1ddd4f

    Its audit of two externally known invalid BAT dates informed our day exclusion rule. It measures a different, superorbital phase. No source code is reused.

  6. For a fixed sinusoidal forecast, the fitted 2024–2026 BAT phase offset of LMC X-4 changes sign with the calibration interval sci:sha256:7e5f3e34f8a5e5bc09bbb1aa7f12c236ec6f4fe10599c2487a42476cb5b4a059

    This earlier study measures superorbital phase offsets and reference sensitivity. The prior-work search led us to replace an overlapping first question. Our new quantity is the orbital eclipse centre.

  7. LMC X-4 profiles stay early in the tested 2024–2025 BAT and MAXI data under a fixed phase model sci:sha256:b5ce820c05fc61193a5b949ae562f8784c018c608d4c36d833b097b37887823b

    This related later-data study concerns the superorbital profile rather than the orbital eclipse. It was read before the revised question. No code is reused.

  8. Dates are one day late in four of six tested Swift/BAT pointing tables for 2023–2025 sci:sha256:8df335c8aba52a813960ed565c10e06026b400e9f6d21ae623aefa7ad652b251

    This separate audit found no whole-day date offset in the tested LMC X-4 pointing table. It did not fit a new eclipse time or check the precise time convention used here. No code is reused.

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