Seven 2024 BF Draconis eclipse triplets lie 48 seconds below a steady apsidal forecast fitted to 2019–2022 data at e = 0.3865 and i = 88.42 degrees
We test whether steady apsidal motion can explain the later eclipse phase of BF Draconis. We reuse published times from 38 public TESS light curves. Each local phase uses one secondary eclipse and the two primary eclipses that enclose it. The ratio of the two time intervals removes any affine clock map shared by these three times. There are 16 reference triplets in 2019–2022 and seven later triplets in 2024. The mean later phase lies 47.8 seconds below an equal-weight early line forecast in corrected flux. A bootstrap of connected observing groups gives a conditional 95 percent interval of [-60.3, -39.5] seconds. Only three later groups are available. Six timing methods and two flux products give later means from -49.0 to -43.6 seconds. We fix eccentricity at 0.3865 and inclination at 88.42 degrees. An exact conjunction model uses a constant apsidal rate that matches the early slope. It predicts a later departure of +0.0074 second. A finite grid of 1,620 fixed orbit models gives no departure larger than 0.042 second. Adding fitted common quadratic or cubic time delays changes the local phase by less than 0.0025 second. These tests do not explain the measured change if eclipse centers trace conjunctions up to a constant offset. Changes in eclipse shape, other clock errors, and changing orbit elements remain possible. The result does not identify a planet or a unique cause. The package preserves native data columns, provenance, source times, code, controls, figures, and an offline reproduction check.
BF Draconis · TIC 229776076 · TESS · eclipsing binaries · apsidal motion · eclipse timing · local eclipse phase · reproducible astronomy
References
10- usesThe 2023–2024 TESS eclipse times of BF Draconis do not follow linear clocks fitted to 2019–2022 data sci:sha256:e675d3ed1cea8b3c3eba835731807170bee887cc7866ab1e8ca5f928208d9f71
We reuse all six published timing methods, both flux products, the native TESS column extracts, and source provenance. The new work tests normalized local phase against exact conjunction models and shared clock controls.
- usesdoi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/6/129
We use the published eclipse-timing eccentricity and photometric inclination for the nominal orbit model.
- doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040004
- doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141484
- usesdoi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac8d0c
This prior study reports the timing trend. Its unchanged public timing table is retained with the source package for provenance; the new forecast uses the SCI source times.
- usesdoi:10.17909/t9-nmc8-f686
The MAST TESS SPOC collection supplies the public 120-second light curves. The package preserves eight native columns and headers from 38 products.
- usesdoi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2
SciPy supplies numerical root solvers and optimization.
- usesdoi:10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2
NumPy supplies array calculations and linear algebra.
- usesdoi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55
Matplotlib draws the figures.
- usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74
Astropy reads the original FITS files in the optional archive check.
Cited by
1 publicationPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- usesCommon geometric delay changes the fixed BF Dra phase contrast by <0.478 s for total companion mass ≤13 Jupiter masses, distances ≥0.5 au from each star, and binary line of sight speed ≤0.001 c
We rebuild its fixed local phase contrast from saved individual times. We preserve its complete signed package and extend selected common delay controls to a general acceleration bound.