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Common geometric delay changes the fixed BF Dra phase contrast by <0.478 s for total companion mass ≤13 Jupiter masses, distances ≥0.5 au from each star, and binary line of sight speed ≤0.001 c

We test whether common geometric light travel delay can explain a known BF Draconis eclipse phase contrast. We reuse saved times from 38 public TESS light curves. Each local phase uses a secondary eclipse and the two primary eclipses that enclose it. A line fitted to 16 reference triplets in 2019–2022 predicts seven final triplets in 2024. Their mean phase lies 47.7949 seconds below that prediction. We hold the forecast weights fixed at the recorded dates. An exact interpolation bound covers all twice differentiable common delay maps that meet acceleration and speed limits. It includes the change to the phase denominator. Under Newtonian gravity, constant star masses, and a fixed line of sight, the delay changes this statistic by at most 0.477206 second if total companion mass is at most 13 nominal Jupiter masses, each companion stays at least 0.5 au from both stars during each included triplet, and the absolute line of sight speed of the binary center of mass is at most 0.001 c. This is about 1 percent of the measured contrast. All six source timing methods and both flux products give bounds below 0.478 second. They reuse the same data. An independent Decimal calculation and 4800 nonlinear inverse maps pass numerical checks. A clean run reproduces 18 numerical files exactly in the recorded environment. The result limits only the common geometric delay. It does not exclude gravitational changes to the binary orbit, prove a physical origin for the timing signal, or detect a planet. The package preserves the signed source data, proof, code, results, figures, and reproduction instructions.

BF Draconis · TIC 229776076 · TESS · eclipsing binaries · eclipse timing · light travel delay · companion acceleration · deterministic bound · local eclipse phase · reproducible astronomy

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References

9
  1. usesSeven 2024 BF Draconis eclipse triplets lie 48 seconds below a steady apsidal forecast fitted to 2019–2022 data at e = 0.3865 and i = 88.42 degrees sci:sha256:1ced3f1a3f50c0c6372ee719939a82de26a4fc8024ae557a2d5fec01fd7c899c

    We rebuild its fixed local phase contrast from saved individual times. We preserve its complete signed package and extend selected common delay controls to a general acceleration bound.

  2. usesThe 2023–2024 TESS eclipse times of BF Draconis do not follow linear clocks fitted to 2019–2022 data sci:sha256:e675d3ed1cea8b3c3eba835731807170bee887cc7866ab1e8ca5f928208d9f71

    The preserved parent archive contains its 38 TESS native extracts, source timing code, six event timing methods, both flux products, and provenance.

  3. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040004

    This prior study reports BF Dra timing trends and discusses a possible third body. Our test limits one common delay explanation for a later statistic.

  4. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac8d0c

    This prior study reports BF Dra timing trends. Its unchanged timing table and license notice remain in the preserved source archive.

  5. usesdoi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41

    We use the IAU nominal Jupiter and solar gravitational parameters for the mass and distance bounds.

  6. usesdoi:10.17909/t9-nmc8-f686

    MAST supplies the TESS SPOC light curves. We preserve the source extracts and compare two fresh original FITS downloads with the source hashes and eight native columns.

  7. usesdoi:10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2

    NumPy supplies array calculations and the numerical clock checks.

  8. usesdoi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55

    Matplotlib draws the figures.

  9. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74

    Astropy reads FITS products in the optional fresh archive check.

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