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Winter sea level and South Coast precipitation remained linked after linear ENSO adjustment in 1961-2025

We tested the link between winter mean sea level at San Francisco and winter precipitation in the California South Coast division. We used fixed NOAA monthly sources and 62 complete winters in 1961-2025. After removal of a linear time trend, correlation was 0.653. After adding concurrent winter Nino 3.4, it was 0.622, with a 95% five-year block interval of 0.478 to 0.753. Linear ENSO supplied 36.2% of the detrended covariance, but the remaining covariance was positive. The change in correlation was uncertain. Nonlinear ENSO adjustment, omission of three large El Nino winters, ranked responses, and three- and ten-year blocks retained a positive association. Other division and Seattle results give descriptive context. The result shows that this linear ENSO adjustment does not remove the seasonal link. It does not identify a cause or prove independent circulation effects. Selected sites, retrospective products, missing months, and block assumptions limit inference. Seasonal means and totals do not establish same-day floods, water supply, or damage. The package includes source paths and hashes, fixed input fields, code, saved resamples, figures, an independent audit, and an exact repeat.

sea level · precipitation · California · ENSO · compound hazards · partial correlation · block bootstrap

Admitted 3 citing publications

References

9
  1. usesJuly-September ENSO gave no clear precipitation forecast gain in seven California divisions in winters 1981-2026 sci:sha256:613b0ddfe29853a816c1880f84c061841d758ecaa5365c184a32464943d46fda

    We reuse its shared precipitation and ENSO snapshots and source definitions. We test a new concurrent land-ocean association.

  2. usesSummer ENSO gave uncertain winter sea-level forecast gains beyond local summer level at two Pacific gauges in 1986-2025 sci:sha256:930a0d10f6cec93dd1d38dd77d327bff857fbdec3f10ae12d24e5acd73c429d8

    We reuse the shared monthly sea-level snapshots and quality rules. Our test uses concurrent precipitation instead of forecasts.

  3. doi:10.1002/2014JC010602
  4. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054021
  5. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0252.1
  6. https://api.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/api/prod/
  7. https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/ersst5.nino.mth.91-20.ascii
  8. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/data/us/climdiv/monthly/current/climdiv-pcpndv-v1.0.0-20261006
  9. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/data/us/climdiv/monthly/current/divisional-readme.txt

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