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Fixed-phase daily fits give a lower hard-to-soft cycle amplitude ratio for LMC X-4 in 2024–2026 than in 2017–2024

We compare the strength of the long X-ray cycle of LMC X-4 in public MAXI 4–10 keV and Swift/BAT 15–50 keV daily data. Both bands use the same days, exclusions, and weights. A fixed phase model and four Fourier harmonics give a first-harmonic amplitude in each band and interval. The ratio of the hard amplitude change to the soft amplitude change is 0.765. Its conditional 95% interval is 0.656 to 0.886 from 4,000 paired three-cycle block bootstrap draws. The soft amplitude changes by a factor of 1.233 [1.069, 1.425]. The hard amplitude changes by a factor of 0.943 [0.836, 1.050]. The reference has 1,961 matched days from June 2017 to May 2024. The later sample has 389 matched days from June 2024 to September 2026. Wider outburst exclusions, equal weights, a linear phase, and equal interval lengths retain the lower ratio. The second later half is sparse and has 73 non-estimable resamples. A separate Crab mean-rate control gives 1.074 [1.047, 1.093], in the opposite direction. A post hoc check before the first listed nearby outburst gives 0.774 [0.629, 0.918]. These results measure the selected daily products. Calibration errors, source confusion, and uneven exposure can remain. The evidence does not select a physical cause or establish a sudden transition. The package preserves source bytes, provenance, code, selections, bootstrap draws, figures, and instructions for a repeat without a download.

LMC X-4 · MAXI · Swift BAT · superorbital modulation · Fourier amplitude · paired block bootstrap · public data · source confusion

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References

9
  1. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4691

    We use the central sine coefficients in Table 1 as a fixed phase model. We test amplitude changes in later daily data.

  2. LMC X-4 data from 2024–2026 show no clear cycle phase shift between 4–10 and 15–50 keV when known outburst dates are excluded sci:sha256:6320833d3c5a45725a18d6b8d67aed596cb74187420695d304060b358529b4b1

    This study already tests the recent soft-hard phase. Our new question concerns the change in amplitude ratio between intervals.

  3. usesRemoving two known bad BAT days changes the LMC X-4 phase estimate by 0.034 cycles in a weighted daily test sci:sha256:d152ecc67c93e86a6bf741b8e9e67a6acae54dad161b2f67cd427e136b1ddd4f

    We use the documented exclusion of MJD 58571 and 58572 and cite its test of these known bad BAT days. Our fitting code is new.

  4. Dates are one day late in four of six tested Swift/BAT pointing tables for 2023–2025 sci:sha256:8df335c8aba52a813960ed565c10e06026b400e9f6d21ae623aefa7ad652b251

    This study tests BAT date fields. We independently check normalized YEAR and DAY against MJD in the frozen daily tables.

  5. Excluding two BAT days reverses the 2024–2026 cubic and sine clock ranking for LMC X-4 with fixed four-harmonic profiles and inverse-variance fits sci:sha256:87981750e74b7929601d600664e560c89f9eb659be35274ef2fb7215817dcf39

    Its clock test shows the effect of two high-weight BAT days. We retain the documented date cut and test a linear phase.

  6. LMC X-4 profiles stay early in the tested 2024–2025 BAT and MAXI data under a fixed phase model sci:sha256:b5ce820c05fc61193a5b949ae562f8784c018c608d4c36d833b097b37887823b

    This earlier study tests the continued early phase. We do not claim a new phase transition.

  7. For a fixed sinusoidal forecast, the fitted 2024–2026 BAT phase offset of LMC X-4 changes sign with the calibration interval sci:sha256:7e5f3e34f8a5e5bc09bbb1aa7f12c236ec6f4fe10599c2487a42476cb5b4a059

    This study measures the sensitivity of phase offsets to the reference interval. We also test equal interval lengths for amplitude.

  8. usesdoi:10.1093/pasj/61.5.999

    The MAXI team provides the public daily photon-rate tables used here.

  9. usesdoi:10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/14

    The Swift/BAT team provides the public transient monitor daily rate tables used here.

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