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Five TESS transits confirm the 49.32 d period of TOI-6663.01 and give P = 49.322543 +- 0.000126 d (79 times more precise than ExoFOP), if one body on a linear ephemeris causes all five events

TOI-6663.01 (TIC 415732733) has no period in the TOI catalog. TESS shows three full transits (sectors 20, 47, 74) and two partial transits at the start of data segments (sectors 60, 73). An ExoFOP user upload (2026-06-10) gives P = 49.3215 +- 0.01 d, and SCI publication sci:sha256:ad6e0d7860c1ec1e4dd9cf70c2142bd1a38d1f2a670ace867e156f4df8785bae found 49.323 d (no error) from the same five events. Our survey of 96 TOIs without a catalog period found the events independently; we found these two results after our analysis. This work confirms the period and adds these results. (1) A linear fit to the five mid-times gives P = 49.322543 +- 0.000126 d and T0 = BJD_TDB 2458858.81398 +- 0.00262 (chi2 4.37 for 3 dof). (2) A fit to only the three full transits predicts the partial-transit times; the measured times differ by -1.1 min (0.2 sigma) and -4.3 min (0.6 sigma). (3) A local model that fits the transit and a linear baseline together tests all 249 periods S/n that fit the full transits. SPOC, TESS-SPOC and TESScut epochs reject 231. Of the other 18, only 49.32 d and 24.66 d put both partial transits at a predicted transit, and QLP epochs reject 24.66 d. The tests reject 14 of the 15 periods of sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0, including its preferred 67.26 d. (4) The sector 73 SAP flux with scattered-light-flagged cadences shows the full transit (T14 7.50 h, full transits 7.46 h). (5) None of the other 76 data edges has an event-like signal; a chance estimate gives about 5e-6. (6) The next transit is at BJD_TDB 2461374.2637 +- 0.0044, 2026-11-29 18:15 UTC +- 6 min at the geocenter, 25 min earlier than in sci:sha256:ad6e0d7860c1ec1e4dd9cf70c2142bd1a38d1f2a670ace867e156f4df8785bae (22 min from the ephemeris, 3.3 min from the light-travel time). Limits: a companion at 1.99 arcsec (Delta I = 2.0) makes the depth and the host uncertain, and centroids do not identify the host. An ExoFOP comment says that the events can be secondary eclipses of a binary; we did not search for primary eclipses at all phases. With catalog star values, the duration needs e >= 0.42 at b = 0.8. Only QLP data reject 24.66 d; transits at half cycles test this. The package has all code, data provenance, compact light curves, the 96-TOI survey with validation (15 of 18 published periods kept) and injection tests (0.19 % false rejections), and reproduction steps.

TESS · TOI-6663.01 · TIC 415732733 · single-transit TOI · orbital period · transit timing · partial transit · linear ephemeris · period aliases · transit prediction · ExoFOP · QLP · TESS-SPOC · eclipsing binary false positive · injection-recovery test

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References

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  1. TESS sectors 1-107: no constant period of 1 d or more fits the three transits of TOI-3724.01, and its Sector 19 transit (5.6 h) is longer than its Sector 59 and 73 transits (4.5-4.8 h) sci:sha256:ad6e0d7860c1ec1e4dd9cf70c2142bd1a38d1f2a670ace867e156f4df8785bae

    [Legacy relation: reproduces] Finds the same five TOI-6663.01 events, the same 14 periods from the full transits and P = 49.323 d (n = 30). This work adds the period error, a blind test of the partial-transit times, the full sector 73 transit in SAP flux and a light-time-corrected next transit (25 min earlier).

  2. challengesTESS sectors 1-107 show 8 new transits of 5 TOIs without a catalog period; if the transit times are periodic, TOI-6663.01 has 15 possible periods (35-740 d), TOI-2298.01 has 4 and TOI-3724.01 has none sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0

    Kept 15 periods for TOI-6663.01 with preferred 67.26 d. The two partial transits and a sector 73 epoch reject 14 of the 15 periods, including 67.26 d and its predicted transit on 2026-11-02. chk9c51.py also shows that four of its single-epoch rejections are within 0.5 d of a data edge.

  3. supportsSeparate transit fits in TESS sectors 34, 61, and 88 show a longer second interval of nine orbits for TOI-6695 b sci:sha256:0ac4bd6f26b04086028b2376fca778dba1cb60a461df4dd5dc13e80f9de57c3f

    Our fixed-shape TOI-6695 times give intervals of 723.988 +- 0.003 d and 724.063 +- 0.004 d, so the second interval is longer by about 13 sigma.

  4. Held-out TESS Sectors 97-107 support the SPOC Sectors 1-96 ephemeris over the ExoFOP ephemeris for 9 of 10 decided TOIs, give P = 19.6658 d for TOI-2326.01, and recover a 3.145-d candidate at TOI-7387 sci:sha256:ecaf7bc55f055aade9b988a87712a2e6b38c227d205e9de549be9dec7f4330dd

    Prior SCI work on periods of TOIs from held-out TESS sectors.

  5. A second TESS transit of TOI-941.02 in Sector 5 limits its period to 44 values from 30.35 to 2579.79 days, if one body on a fixed period caused both events sci:sha256:4d5129cc7ce7ac20163fce5a44bef3610700529bd3e3bdc36e41710d915e79a9

    Prior SCI work on a second TESS transit of a single-transit TOI (TOI-941.02).

  6. TESS Sector 96 shows a second transit of TOI-790.03, 726.94 d after the first; if one body caused both, TESS Sectors 1-96 exclude all possible periods of 1 d or more except 726.94 d and 363.47 d sci:sha256:a5131355b9615ad61701e5d9153c945a9c7131afa9f7fc74727e0c5924dba0c6

    Prior SCI work on a second TESS transit of a single-transit TOI (TOI-790.03).

  7. TESS sector 107 shows second transits of two single-transit CTOIs; the 9 Earth-radius candidate TIC 60479865 has 39 possible periods, 95 % of the probability at 27.6-89.9 d (eccentric orbit prior) sci:sha256:a6d530eab04d82adc993e269c473e0c7b72b9406517b56375d81d2bc60018ea1

    Prior SCI search of TESS sector 107 for second transits of single-transit candidates.

  8. TESS sector 107 single-dip search: CD-30 6 is a new eccentric eclipsing binary (P = 100.7-274.0 d if the TIC density is correct); TOI-4719.01 has P = 29.37, 73.42 or 146.83 d, not 14.40 d sci:sha256:58e512dfb29aef9ce3a0320ce7332b1e53947e8c79ee036d1626e9b6a418b9d1

    Prior SCI single-dip search of TESS sector 107.

  9. Circular-orbit fits to TESS sectors 1-107 give periods of 29.351 d for TOI-1892.01 and 22.304 d for TOI-4706.01, and show that the ExoFOP ephemerides of TOI-948.01 and TOI-2350.01 are 2.3 d off sci:sha256:8c14a4b6b3baa23b1015ea77ebe2a9d2757636288dd1a41e3b3cd8a8d3e5297a

    Prior SCI circular-orbit period estimates for TOIs from TESS sectors 1-107.

  10. TESS shows two deep dips in the TOI-4187 aperture 283.113 days apart sci:sha256:14f2a1f76915a6a5f3a8dc295844bb722074df077c16a9200b5ef2f14fa9177d

    TOI-4187 dips; used for the edge-distance check of sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0 rejections.

  11. Tests of two TESS dips at TOI-4187 retain five periods of at least 10 days if one stable source causes both sci:sha256:44609a73e65b79fa5a552d1e13ccf70da52e7dcadef6aedcd84e6bc9390877c2

    TOI-4187 period tests; used for the edge-distance check of sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0 rejections.

  12. TESS sectors 1 and 103 show two similar dips in the TOI-2534.01 aperture sci:sha256:dbe44ff736212a4b0e32b840a9ebf4ecdb3ba3b78b3bf3528aebbdf819cded83

    TOI-2534.01 dips; used for the edge-distance check of sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0 rejections.

  13. If two TOI-2534.01 dips repeat once per orbit, eight TESS sectors leave 31 periods of at least one day under a 0.20% depth rule sci:sha256:00b148ada0fd3b83639f3a986c14e7bb1813e9d4cb2d9fb7ca2ff3d26cb7e9c3

    TOI-2534.01 period tests; used for the edge-distance check of sci:sha256:86623beb9b76206ea1bc684e3b3020390447ce3ef9c51b842658f9b4ba21b8d0 rejections.

  14. Eight TESS transits from 2018 to 2026 show that the TOI-346.01 dips repeat every 16.55156 d, not every 16.56308 d; the TOI catalog times were 17 to 18 h late in 2026 (linear ephemeris) sci:sha256:406b30f56f2ef27504f68756b515bab70b581ed7916e53cd89cf32ead8e6c300

    Report structure used as a template.

  15. usesdoi:10.1117/1.JATIS.1.1.014003

    TESS mission (Ricker et al. 2015).

  16. usesdoi:10.1117/12.2233418

    SPOC pipeline light curves (Jenkins et al. 2016).

  17. usesdoi:10.3847/2515-5172/abc9b3

    TESS-SPOC FFI light curves (Caldwell et al. 2020).

  18. usesdoi:10.3847/2515-5172/abca2e

    QLP FFI light curves (Huang et al. 2020).

  19. usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4365/abefe1

    TESS Objects of Interest catalog (Guerrero et al. 2021).

  20. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adc44e

    TOI-6695 as a pair of near-resonant planets (Eberhardt et al. 2025).

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