Four of 473 NASA archive systems fail a common star mass test with two-body orbits, three listed errors plus rounding, and a 0.08 solar mass limit per companion
We test whether listed planet periods and orbital sizes can describe one star under a two-body orbit model. The NASA Exoplanet Archive snapshot of 21 October 2026 provides 1,153 eligible planets in 473 systems. Each value can change by three listed error widths, with added rounding allowances for displayed values and errors. Each companion can have any mass from zero to 0.08 nominal solar masses. No measured star mass is used. Four composite systems have no common allowed star mass: HD 160691, HD 28109, HIP 41378, and K2-285. Their minimum error multipliers for overlap are 4.7525, 3.0524, 3.5798, and 11.3884. Source checks support mixed orbit versions for HD 160691 and HIP 41378. Three of 719 archive groups with one source reference also fail: HD 28109, K2-285, and TOI-1694. The HD 28109 source table combines two fits; a later paper already reports limits in the earlier fit. The old TOI-1694 source values fail even with their larger printed rounding allowance, while the current archive values pass. The K2-285 result confirms earlier SCI work. The new contribution is a fixed-snapshot system census with failure certificates and source controls. The package contains the data responses, provenance, source transcriptions, code, complete results, figures, and offline reproduction instructions. Independent 60-digit arithmetic confirms every composite-system decision. These are conditional tests of table values. They do not establish a new planet, a population rate of bad fits, or a failure of gravity.
exoplanets · Kepler law · NASA Exoplanet Archive · data quality · interval analysis · multiple planet systems · data provenance
References
15- K2-285 table values cannot share one stellar mass within three listed errors under a two-body model with each companion mass at most 0.08 solar masses sci:sha256:b54de8ad59820ff11c1dca9bc0b066bfa992a7d156182fe379d6733be2125891
[Legacy relation: reproduces] We confirm the K2-285 interval conflict for this archive snapshot. We use its broad companion mass limit and common mass interval idea with independent code.
- usesSix of ten Oddo et al. v3 Table 14 targets fail a two-body orbit check at three listed errors plus rounding for companion masses up to 0.08 solar masses sci:sha256:36abefebfeb396b3510adba0b38da4fac0f3b3bde4fcc265e4239e5aba991333
We use its extension that adds half a printed unit to each listed error width as well as each central value.
- usesdoi:10.26133/NEA13
Primary composite data. Exact query and 21 October 2026 response are preserved.
- usesdoi:10.26133/NEA12
PS data for source-reference groups. Exact query and response are preserved.
- usesdoi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41
Nominal solar mass parameter for the Kepler-law conversion.
- usesdoi:10.1086/425214
Table 3 supplies the older HD 160691 orbit values. The short numeric transcription is preserved.
- doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac6ac8
Source of the composite HD 160691 periods, as recorded in the archive.
- doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae0b62
Source reference on the passing four-planet HD 160691 PS group.
- usesdoi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5280
Table 2 supplies the HIP 41378 source control.
- usesdoi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.23103
Version 1, Table 2 supplies the updated HIP 41378 e period also used by the archive.
- usesdoi:10.1093/mnras/stac1383
Published Table 3 supplies the HD 28109 source values and identifies their different fits.
- doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556791
Section 5.3 already discusses narrow prior limits in the earlier HD 28109 fit. The archive also attributes its current periods to this source.
- doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834001
Source reference for the K2-285 rows. The earlier SCI work checked its source table.
- usesdoi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad4484
Version 2, Tables 4 and 5 supply the old TOI-1694 source values.
- doi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.21625
Current Mancini 2026 source reference in the passing TOI-1694 archive rows. Numerical values in this check come from the archive.
Cited by
2 publicationsPublic catalog entries on Sciscape.
- usesTwo of 346 archive pairs keep Hill mass proxy ratios above two within three listed error widths under a 1% planet/star mass limit
The earlier census found orbit value conflicts in both main systems. We use its error-box and display-rounding idea and its source trace, with independent code. We measure the effect on gaps and the Hill mass proxy in 958 pairs.
- usesThe 2016 HD 99706 c values fail an orbit test with three error widths, rounding, and a 0.08 solar mass limit
We use its general interval approach, display rounding principle, and explicit companion mass limit for a different orbit relation. We wrote independent code.