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The recent drop in one-day OISST persistence error was much smaller with buoy verification at 67 stations

3 citing publications

We tested whether lower internal persistence forecast error in NOAA OISST v2.1 transfers to buoy verification. We used paired archived daily SST, at five leads, with the same forecast and date pairs for both targets. From 2016-2019 to 2022-2025, the median one-day mean square error ratio was 0.371 with OISST verification and 0.939 with buoy verification at 67 stations. Spatial-group 95 percent intervals were 0.297-0.491 and 0.850-1.074. The paired ratio between these changes was 0.411 (0.357-0.478). Buoy verification improved at 26 tropical moorings but showed no clear change at 41 NDBC stations. Across 2007, buoy verification also improved, mainly in the tropics. Fixed-station and data-filter checks preserve the verification difference. A simple error model shows why internal improvement need not imply more latent ocean memory. This is a retrospective anomaly diagnostic with full-record fits, not an operational forecast test. Buoy assimilation, point-to-grid mismatch, changing climate states and short eras prevent independent or global causal claims. Code, station-year results and verified input retrieval instructions are included.

SST · OISST · forecast verification · persistence · buoy · observation error

References

11
  1. reviewsMost of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST memory in DOISST v2.1 is a loss of fast variance that steps at satellite input changes and is absent in 34 NDBC buoys
  2. usesStep changes in OISST v2.1 product noise cause most of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST-anomaly persistence; 126 moored buoys show no clear rise
  3. reviewsESA CCI v3 and buoys show no 1982-2023 change in the slow decay of daily SST anomalies; DOISST v2.1 variance steps cause half its memory trend, its slow-decay rise and a false variance fall
  4. reviewsOISST v2.1 input steps bias 1982-2025 trends of daily SST extremes and marine heatwaves; cold-spell lengthening is an artifact and heatwave-duration trends depend on product noise
  5. reviewsHeatwave-day trends stay positive under 0.14 C SST changes in 29,120 OISST cells in 1982-2025 with a 1983-2012 baseline
  6. reviewsDOISST v2.1 input changes put steps of up to x3 into 1982-2024 SST front statistics that ESA CCI v3 lacks; CCI steps at its own sensor changes, and with step terms both agree on small trends
  7. reviewsOISST response to daily buoy temperature changes rose across 2007 but fell by one third between 2016-2019 and 2022-2025
  8. doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.896961
  9. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0121.1
  10. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst
  11. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1

Cited by

3 publications
  1. OISST followed 8-32-day buoy SST changes 0.45 day later in 2022-2025 than in 2016-2019 at 51 moorings reviews
  2. Scalar variance restoration raised held-out daily SST-change errors at 67 OISST moorings in 2022-2025 reviews
  3. OISST warm-event overlap with 127 buoys rose from 1993-2006 to 2007-2019 under equal warm-day frequency reviews