OISST response to daily buoy temperature changes rose across 2007 but fell by one third between 2016-2019 and 2022-2025
We tested whether lower fast variance in NOAA OISST v2.1 comes only from removal of uncorrelated error. We fitted the OISST response to matched buoy temperature increments at five time intervals. At 67 stations, the median daily response ratio for 2022-2025 versus 2016-2019 was 0.666, with a spatial-group bootstrap interval of 0.618-0.785. The ratio was 0.962 for 30-day increments. The daily-to-30-day response ratio fell on a fixed set of 57 stations. Across 2007, the daily response instead rose by 16 percent at 133 stations while residual variance fell. Both signs remained on 61 common stations. Recent correlation fell at NDBC stations but rose at tropical moorings. These results show that variance loss has different covariance changes across product eras. Adding independent noise can match variance without restoring the response to measured buoy changes. This is an observational station test. Point-to-grid differences, buoy error, assimilation, changing climate states and several product changes prevent causal attribution or a global estimate of lost ocean signal. Code, sufficient statistics and verified input retrieval instructions are included.
References
11- reviewsMost of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST memory in DOISST v2.1 is a loss of fast variance that steps at satellite input changes and is absent in 34 NDBC buoys
- usesStep changes in OISST v2.1 product noise cause most of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST-anomaly persistence; 126 moored buoys show no clear rise
- reviewsESA CCI v3 and buoys show no 1982-2023 change in the slow decay of daily SST anomalies; DOISST v2.1 variance steps cause half its memory trend, its slow-decay rise and a false variance fall
- reviewsOISST v2.1 input steps bias 1982-2025 trends of daily SST extremes and marine heatwaves; cold-spell lengthening is an artifact and heatwave-duration trends depend on product noise
- reviewsHeatwave-day trends stay positive under 0.14 C SST changes in 29,120 OISST cells in 1982-2025 with a 1983-2012 baseline
- reviewsDOISST v2.1 input changes put steps of up to x3 into 1982-2024 SST front statistics that ESA CCI v3 lacks; CCI steps at its own sensor changes, and with step terms both agree on small trends
- doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00787.1
- doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-22-0081.1
- doi:10.1175/2007JTECHO542.1
- doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst
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