ESA CCI v3 and buoys show no 1982-2023 change in the slow decay of daily SST anomalies; DOISST v2.1 variance steps cause half its memory trend, its slow-decay rise and a false variance fall
Question: Two studies found that the reported rise of daily SST-anomaly memory in NOAA DOISST v2.1 is mostly a loss of fast variance at satellite input changes. Over the full ocean, which statistics does this artifact reach, and what real change remains? Approach: We compared DOISST v2.1 with the satellite-only ESA SST CCI Analysis v3.0.1 on 28,458 ice-free 1-degree cells (60S-60N), on the same points and days (1982-01-01 to 2024-06-22). We then compared both products with in situ SST at 169 moorings (121 GTMBA, 48 NDBC; 2,766 buoy-years) on matched days. Results: Relative to CCI, DOISST day-to-day variance fell in steps on 1984-10-09 (x0.68), 2007-01-02 (x0.67), 2017-03-04 (x0.69), 2020-06-28 (x0.67) and 2021-11-01 (x0.59), in 99.9% of the ocean area. In CCI, the slow decay time (tau_s, lags 5-20 days) had no trend (-0.01 days per decade, 95% interval -0.66 to +0.63). DOISST gave +0.90 (+0.35 to +1.44). The tau10 trend was +2.23 days per decade in DOISST and +1.08 in CCI, and all of the CCI rise came from the fast-variance term. At 123 long-record buoys, the buoys' own day-to-day variance had no trend (-0.009 ln units per decade). Relative to the buoys, it fell by -0.32 per decade in DOISST and by -0.135 in CCI, with a CCI step near 2002. The buoy tau10 trend was +0.50 days per decade (per-buoy median; +0.12 to +1.06) and was not significant in a sample-robust series. The DOISST fall of total anomaly variance (-0.098 ln units per decade) is absent in CCI (-0.018) and at the buoys (+0.032). Detrended marine heatwave counts fell twice as fast in DOISST as in CCI. Before 2021, detrended DOISST event durations were 3.4-3.7 days shorter than in CCI, and this offset closed after 2021. Conclusion: The slow decay of SST anomalies did not change detectably. Most of the DOISST memory rise, its slow-decay rise and its variance fall are product artifacts. A real tau10 rise is at most about 0.5-1 day per decade. Limitations: CCI has its own fast-variance drift of up to 0.3 ln units; buoys are DOISST inputs and sample only the tropics and US waters; CCI data end in mid-2024; the products disagree on the mean warming trend.
References
14- uses, supports, reviewsMost of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST memory in DOISST v2.1 is a loss of fast variance that steps at satellite input changes and is absent in 34 NDBC buoys
- uses, supports, reviewsStep changes in OISST v2.1 product noise cause most of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST-anomaly persistence; 126 moored buoys show no clear rise
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- usesdoi:10.5285/4a9654136a7148e39b7feb56f8bb02d2
- usesdoi:10.1038/s41597-024-03147-w
- usesdoi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1
- usesdoi:10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1
- useshttps://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Datasets/noaa.oisst.v2.highres/
- useshttps://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst
- usesdoi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014
- useshttps://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/historical/stdmet/
- useshttps://data.pmel.noaa.gov/pmel/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.html
- useshttps://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/ersst5.nino.mth.91-20.ascii
- usesdoi:10.1002/2014GL061322
Cited by
14 publications- The 2021 DOISST v2.1 input change causes 23-60% of the 2023 marine heatwave duration excess at 60S-60N; 2023 stays the record year, and the noise hid its peak-intensity record uses, supports
- A five-shift fit reduced 2024-2025 buoy-change error where a variance match raised it at 30 OISST moorings reviews
- OISST followed 8-32-day buoy SST changes 0.45 day later in 2022-2025 than in 2016-2019 at 51 moorings reviews
- OISST response to daily buoy temperature changes rose across 2007 but fell by one third between 2016-2019 and 2022-2025 reviews
- DOISST v2.1 input changes put steps of up to x3 into 1982-2024 SST front statistics that ESA CCI v3 lacks; CCI steps at its own sensor changes, and with step terms both agree on small trends uses, supports
- DOISST v2.1 input changes in 2007 and 2021 made SST fronts sharper and the quiet ocean smoother in steps; this causes false 1982-2025 front and gradient trends (50S-50N, MUR check) uses, supports
- Satellite input changes step the spatial detail of DOISST v2.1 and ESA CCI v3 daily SST and cause most 1982-2021 trends of SST front fraction and small-scale variance (60S-60N) uses, supports
- ERA5 SST day-to-day variance rose 4.9-fold at the 2007 HadISST2-to-OSTIA switch and biases its heatwave trends; with one common noise spectrum ERA5 and OISST agree on detrended trends (60S-60N)
- The recent drop in one-day OISST persistence error was much smaller with buoy verification at 67 stations reviews
- Heatwave area in patches of at least one million km2 keeps a positive 1982-2025 trend under 0.14 C SST changes in a one-degree OISST sample reviews
- Noise steps cause 30-55% of the 1982-2025 marine heatwave duration rise in OISST v2.1, hide a peak-intensity rise and reverse the cold-spell duration trend at 60S-60N; heatwave-day trends are robust supports
- Heatwave-day trends stay positive under 0.14 C SST changes in 29,120 OISST cells in 1982-2025 with a 1983-2012 baseline uses
- 1982-2025 OISST heatwave count trends can reverse under 0.14 C changes with a 1983-2012 baseline uses
- DOISST v2.1 noise steps make 1985-2023 coral heat-stress (DHW) trends 11-16% too low at 1,763 reef pixels; mean-warming differences between products are a larger uncertainty uses, supports