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ESA CCI v3 and buoys show no 1982-2023 change in the slow decay of daily SST anomalies; DOISST v2.1 variance steps cause half its memory trend, its slow-decay rise and a false variance fall

14 citing publications

Question: Two studies found that the reported rise of daily SST-anomaly memory in NOAA DOISST v2.1 is mostly a loss of fast variance at satellite input changes. Over the full ocean, which statistics does this artifact reach, and what real change remains? Approach: We compared DOISST v2.1 with the satellite-only ESA SST CCI Analysis v3.0.1 on 28,458 ice-free 1-degree cells (60S-60N), on the same points and days (1982-01-01 to 2024-06-22). We then compared both products with in situ SST at 169 moorings (121 GTMBA, 48 NDBC; 2,766 buoy-years) on matched days. Results: Relative to CCI, DOISST day-to-day variance fell in steps on 1984-10-09 (x0.68), 2007-01-02 (x0.67), 2017-03-04 (x0.69), 2020-06-28 (x0.67) and 2021-11-01 (x0.59), in 99.9% of the ocean area. In CCI, the slow decay time (tau_s, lags 5-20 days) had no trend (-0.01 days per decade, 95% interval -0.66 to +0.63). DOISST gave +0.90 (+0.35 to +1.44). The tau10 trend was +2.23 days per decade in DOISST and +1.08 in CCI, and all of the CCI rise came from the fast-variance term. At 123 long-record buoys, the buoys' own day-to-day variance had no trend (-0.009 ln units per decade). Relative to the buoys, it fell by -0.32 per decade in DOISST and by -0.135 in CCI, with a CCI step near 2002. The buoy tau10 trend was +0.50 days per decade (per-buoy median; +0.12 to +1.06) and was not significant in a sample-robust series. The DOISST fall of total anomaly variance (-0.098 ln units per decade) is absent in CCI (-0.018) and at the buoys (+0.032). Detrended marine heatwave counts fell twice as fast in DOISST as in CCI. Before 2021, detrended DOISST event durations were 3.4-3.7 days shorter than in CCI, and this offset closed after 2021. Conclusion: The slow decay of SST anomalies did not change detectably. Most of the DOISST memory rise, its slow-decay rise and its variance fall are product artifacts. A real tau10 rise is at most about 0.5-1 day per decade. Limitations: CCI has its own fast-variance drift of up to 0.3 ln units; buoys are DOISST inputs and sample only the tropics and US waters; CCI data end in mid-2024; the products disagree on the mean warming trend.

sea surface temperature · SST persistence · ocean memory · OISST · DOISST · ESA SST CCI · data homogeneity · observing system change · marine heatwaves · autocorrelation · moored buoys · TAO/TRITON · NDBC · change points · climate data record · replication

References

14
  1. uses, supports, reviewsMost of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST memory in DOISST v2.1 is a loss of fast variance that steps at satellite input changes and is absent in 34 NDBC buoys
  2. uses, supports, reviewsStep changes in OISST v2.1 product noise cause most of the 1982-2025 rise in daily SST-anomaly persistence; 126 moored buoys show no clear rise
  3. challenges, reviewsdoi:10.1038/s41558-025-02245-w
  4. usesdoi:10.5285/4a9654136a7148e39b7feb56f8bb02d2
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  7. usesdoi:10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1
  8. useshttps://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Datasets/noaa.oisst.v2.highres/
  9. useshttps://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst
  10. usesdoi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014
  11. useshttps://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/historical/stdmet/
  12. useshttps://data.pmel.noaa.gov/pmel/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.html
  13. useshttps://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/ersst5.nino.mth.91-20.ascii
  14. usesdoi:10.1002/2014GL061322

Cited by

14 publications
  1. The 2021 DOISST v2.1 input change causes 23-60% of the 2023 marine heatwave duration excess at 60S-60N; 2023 stays the record year, and the noise hid its peak-intensity record uses, supports
  2. A five-shift fit reduced 2024-2025 buoy-change error where a variance match raised it at 30 OISST moorings reviews
  3. OISST followed 8-32-day buoy SST changes 0.45 day later in 2022-2025 than in 2016-2019 at 51 moorings reviews
  4. OISST response to daily buoy temperature changes rose across 2007 but fell by one third between 2016-2019 and 2022-2025 reviews
  5. DOISST v2.1 input changes put steps of up to x3 into 1982-2024 SST front statistics that ESA CCI v3 lacks; CCI steps at its own sensor changes, and with step terms both agree on small trends uses, supports
  6. DOISST v2.1 input changes in 2007 and 2021 made SST fronts sharper and the quiet ocean smoother in steps; this causes false 1982-2025 front and gradient trends (50S-50N, MUR check) uses, supports
  7. Satellite input changes step the spatial detail of DOISST v2.1 and ESA CCI v3 daily SST and cause most 1982-2021 trends of SST front fraction and small-scale variance (60S-60N) uses, supports
  8. ERA5 SST day-to-day variance rose 4.9-fold at the 2007 HadISST2-to-OSTIA switch and biases its heatwave trends; with one common noise spectrum ERA5 and OISST agree on detrended trends (60S-60N)
  9. The recent drop in one-day OISST persistence error was much smaller with buoy verification at 67 stations reviews
  10. Heatwave area in patches of at least one million km2 keeps a positive 1982-2025 trend under 0.14 C SST changes in a one-degree OISST sample reviews
  11. Noise steps cause 30-55% of the 1982-2025 marine heatwave duration rise in OISST v2.1, hide a peak-intensity rise and reverse the cold-spell duration trend at 60S-60N; heatwave-day trends are robust supports
  12. Heatwave-day trends stay positive under 0.14 C SST changes in 29,120 OISST cells in 1982-2025 with a 1983-2012 baseline uses
  13. 1982-2025 OISST heatwave count trends can reverse under 0.14 C changes with a 1983-2012 baseline uses
  14. DOISST v2.1 noise steps make 1985-2023 coral heat-stress (DHW) trends 11-16% too low at 1,763 reef pixels; mean-warming differences between products are a larger uncertainty uses, supports