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In 40 moving C. elegans, behaviour-locked activity held 56% of reliable pair-specific co-activity and wiring at most 5% of the rest; in 22 zebrafish larvae swim and flash terms held 24-36%

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Question: earlier campaign work found that pair-specific functional connectivity (FC, after node effects and distance) is very reliable, that wiring explains only 3-11% of it, and that rank-3 node factors hold most of it. What are these factors? Method: in each animal we fitted every neuron or region with a cross-validated ridge model of lagged behaviour (worm: velocity, reversal, head angle, angular velocity, pumping, curvature, body shape; zebrafish: swim and dark-flash terms). This splits each pair covariance into behaviour-explained, residual and cross parts. Split-half covariances across animals measured the share of the reliable pair-specific map in each part; a control used time-shifted behaviour. Three-part splits tested tuning maps and node factors from other animals. Data: 40 off-food worms (Atanas 2023; 119 neurons), 8 on-food worms (Dag 2023), 22 larval zebrafish (Legare 2025; 65 regions). Results: in worms, 56% (95% CI 52-60%) of the reliable pair-specific covariance was behaviour-locked (shifted control 2%) and 27% survived as reliable residual covariance; on food, 72% (58-85%). In zebrafish, 36% (26-46%) with flashes and 24% (17-31%) in spontaneous activity. A map made only from other animals' tuning coefficients removed 55% of the reliable worm map, equal to a rank-1 factor. The worm factors were the forward-reversal axis (r = 0.72 with reversal tuning), a slow session drift (r = 0.61 with time) and pumping (r = 0.38). Removing behaviour did not unmask wiring: wiring explained 2.5% before and 2.8-5.4% after (time-shifted controls 3.0-3.1%). In the residual, a type-by-transmitter block model explained 13.5% (null 2.0%; on food 12.3%). Limitations: behaviour-locked is not behaviour-caused; linear model with measured variables only; the drift factor can be state or trace processing; connectome and activity from different animals; identity analysis and variants were post hoc; no fly time series.

structure-function coupling · functional connectivity · connectome · behaviour encoding · low-rank node factors · split-half reliability · C. elegans · larval zebrafish · NeuroPAL · neuron identity · shared drive
Neurons and Cognition

References

18
  1. usesIn 40 worms, 50 flies and 22 larval zebrafish, wiring explained 2-24% of the reliable pair-specific coupling after node and distance controls; the link was pair-specific, and only swimming changed it
  2. usesWiring explained 5% (worm), 11% (zebrafish) and 24% (fly) of reliable pair-specific FC; much fly and mouse wiring signal was a smooth spatial field; of three behaviours only swimming raised the share
  3. usesIn 40 freely moving C. elegans, gap junctions predict pairwise co-activity after controls for neurite contact, soma distance and per-neuron effects; chemical synapse weight does not
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  5. In fly, mouse and human data, surrogate wiring with matched node strengths and distances reproduced 48-100% of the FC gain of indirect-path measures; a large specific gain stayed only in sedated mouse
  6. Geometric eigenmodes beat connectome eigenmodes for FC in fly, mouse and human but not in worm; simulated connectome-driven FC with spatial blur gives the same result
  7. In 48 freely moving C. elegans, smooth wiring eigenmodes held more head activity variance than rewired graphs, but not more than a distance-only graph with the same edge count
  8. FlyWire wiring predicts neuropil calcium correlations beyond distance in 50 flies; walking and rest coupling agree after global-signal removal; transmitter-matched wiring adds no gain
  9. Single-neuron axon co-innervation predicted spike correlations between 30 mouse cortical areas, but real collateral patterns did not predict better than source-matched shuffles at 100 ms
  10. In larval zebrafish, a single-neuron projectome predicts region-level trial-residual coupling beyond distance and region effects, but not stimulus-locked coupling (25 regions, 11 fish)
  11. NSM serotonergic state did not change wiring coupling of co-activity in 40 off-food C. elegans; an on-food decrease in 8 worms matched a drop in activity variance
  12. In 20 larval zebrafish, mapZebrain wiring predicts region coupling beyond distance and region effects; near swim bouts all spatial structure of coupling increases
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  2. Transcriptome similarity explained a small part of residual coupling in 40 off-food and 8 re-fed worms uses